diff --git a/platypush/config/__init__.py b/platypush/config/__init__.py
index cb559c008..32eaa5280 100644
--- a/platypush/config/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/config/__init__.py
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class Config(object):
         self._config = self._read_config_file(self._cfgfile)
 
         if 'token' in self._config:
+            self._config['token'] = self._config['token']
             self._config['token_hash'] = get_hash(self._config['token'])
 
         if 'workdir' not in self._config:
diff --git a/platypush/event/hook.py b/platypush/event/hook.py
index f728d611b..d995c0105 100644
--- a/platypush/event/hook.py
+++ b/platypush/event/hook.py
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ class EventAction(Request):
 
         if 'target' not in action:
             action['target'] = action['origin']
+
+        token = Config.get('token')
+        if token:
+            action['token'] = token
+
         return super().build(action)
 
 
diff --git a/platypush/message/request/__init__.py b/platypush/message/request/__init__.py
index 345f5e575..3ef9f3277 100644
--- a/platypush/message/request/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/message/request/__init__.py
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class Request(Message):
                     raise RuntimeError('Response processed with errors: {}'.format(response))
 
                 logger.info('Processed response from plugin {}: {}'.
-                                format(plugin, response))
+                                format(plugin, str(response)))
             except Exception as e:
                 # Retry mechanism
                 response = Response(output=None, errors=[str(e), traceback.format_exc()])
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/__init__.py
index 70f77f36b..58adfebc6 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,26 @@
 import sys
 import logging
+import traceback
 
 from platypush.config import Config
 from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.utils import get_decorators
 
 
 def action(f):
     def _execute_action(*args, **kwargs):
-        return f(*args, **kwargs)
+        output = None
+        errors = []
+
+        try:
+            output = f(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if isinstance(args[0], Plugin):
+                args[0].logger.exception(e)
+            errors.append(str(e) + '\n' + traceback.format_exc())
+
+        return Response(output=output, errors=errors)
+
     return _execute_action
 
 
@@ -19,7 +32,13 @@ class Plugin(object):
         if 'logging' in kwargs:
             self.logger.setLevel(getattr(logging, kwargs['logging'].upper()))
 
+        self.registered_actions = set(get_decorators(self.__class__).get('action', []))
+
     def run(self, method, *args, **kwargs):
+        if method not in self.registered_actions:
+            raise RuntimeError('{} is not a registered action on {}'.format(
+                method, self.__class__.__name__))
+
         return getattr(self, method)(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/__init__.py
index aa29242e3..aebf08152 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/__init__.py
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 """
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class AssistantGooglePlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -14,21 +12,25 @@ class AssistantGooglePlugin(Plugin):
     backend to programmatically control the conversation status.
     """
 
+    def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def start_conversation(self):
         """
         Programmatically start a conversation with the assistant
         """
         assistant = get_backend('assistant.google')
         assistant.start_conversation()
-        return Response(output='', errors=[])
 
+    @action
     def stop_conversation(self):
         """
         Programmatically stop a running conversation with the assistant
         """
         assistant = get_backend('assistant.google')
         assistant.stop_conversation()
-        return Response(output='', errors=[])
+
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/pushtotalk.py b/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/pushtotalk.py
index cd01b06e7..ba00f26ed 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/pushtotalk.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/assistant/google/pushtotalk.py
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 """
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class AssistantGooglePushtotalkPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -14,21 +12,24 @@ class AssistantGooglePushtotalkPlugin(Plugin):
     :mod:`platypush.backend.assistant.google.pushtotalk` backend.
     """
 
+    def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def start_conversation(self):
         """
         Programmatically start a conversation with the assistant
         """
         assistant = get_backend('assistant.google.pushtotalk')
         assistant.start_conversation()
-        return Response(output='', errors=[])
 
+    @action
     def stop_conversation(self):
         """
         Programmatically stop a running conversation with the assistant
         """
         assistant = get_backend('assistant.google.pushtotalk')
         assistant.stop_conversation()
-        return Response(output='', errors=[])
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/calendar/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/calendar/__init__.py
index 760cbde29..ad226f27b 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/calendar/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/calendar/__init__.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import importlib
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
 
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class CalendarInterface:
@@ -64,6 +63,7 @@ class CalendarPlugin(Plugin, CalendarInterface):
             self.calendars.append(getattr(module, class_name)(**calendar))
 
 
+    @action
     def get_upcoming_events(self, max_results=10):
         """
         Get a list of upcoming events merging all the available calendars.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class CalendarPlugin(Plugin, CalendarInterface):
                             else event['start']['date'] + 'T00:00:00+00:00'
                         ))[:max_results]
 
-        return Response(output=events)
+        return events
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/calendar/ical.py b/platypush/plugins/calendar/ical.py
index b924e50db..5927a5380 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/calendar/ical.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/calendar/ical.py
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ import pytz
 
 from icalendar import Calendar, Event
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 from platypush.plugins.calendar import CalendarInterface
 
 
@@ -61,6 +60,7 @@ class IcalCalendarPlugin(Plugin, CalendarInterface):
         }
 
 
+    @action
     def get_upcoming_events(self, max_results=10, only_participating=True):
         """
         Get the upcoming events. See
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class IcalCalendarPlugin(Plugin, CalendarInterface):
         else:
             self.logger.error("HTTP error while getting {}: {}".format(self.url, response))
 
-        return Response(output=events)
+        return events
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/camera/pi.py b/platypush/plugins/camera/pi.py
index 09cdab45a..dbb22df9f 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/camera/pi.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/camera/pi.py
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 """
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class CameraPiPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -15,22 +13,26 @@ class CameraPiPlugin(Plugin):
     to programmatically control the status.
     """
 
+    def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def start_recording(self):
         """
         Start recording
         """
         camera = get_backend('camera.pi')
         camera.send_camera_action(camera.CameraAction.START_RECORDING)
-        return Response(output={'status':'ok'})
 
+    @action
     def stop_recording(self):
         """
         Stop recording
         """
         camera = get_backend('camera.pi')
         camera.send_camera_action(camera.CameraAction.STOP_RECORDING)
-        return Response(output={'status':'ok'})
 
+    @action
     def take_picture(self, image_file):
         """
         Take a picture.
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ class CameraPiPlugin(Plugin):
         """
         camera = get_backend('camera.pi')
         camera.send_camera_action(camera.CameraAction.TAKE_PICTURE, image_file=image_file)
-        return Response(output={'image_file':image_file})
+        return {'image_file': image_file}
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/db/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/db/__init__.py
index b945523e2..cc4645ece 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/db/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/db/__init__.py
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
 
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Table, MetaData
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class DbPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -40,6 +38,7 @@ class DbPlugin(Plugin):
         else:
             return self.engine
 
+    @action
     def execute(self, statement, engine=None, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Executes a raw SQL statement.
@@ -65,9 +64,8 @@ class DbPlugin(Plugin):
             result = connection.execute(statement)
             connection.commit()
 
-        return Response()
-
 
+    @action
     def select(self, query, engine=None, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Returns rows (as a list of hashes) given a query.
@@ -119,9 +117,10 @@ class DbPlugin(Plugin):
                 for row in result.fetchall()
             ]
 
-        return Response(output=rows)
+        return rows
 
 
+    @action
     def insert(self, table, records, engine=None, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Inserts records (as a list of hashes) into a table.
@@ -169,8 +168,6 @@ class DbPlugin(Plugin):
             insert = table.insert().values(**record)
             engine.execute(insert)
 
-        return Response()
-
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/google/calendar.py b/platypush/plugins/google/calendar.py
index d35c1e600..50a6da992 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/google/calendar.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/google/calendar.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import os
 
 from apiclient import discovery
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.google import GooglePlugin
 from platypush.plugins.calendar import CalendarInterface
 
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class GoogleCalendarPlugin(GooglePlugin, CalendarInterface):
         super().__init__(scopes=self.scopes, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def get_upcoming_events(self, max_results=10):
         """
         Get the upcoming events. See
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/google/mail.py b/platypush/plugins/google/mail.py
index 8cb45ce2c..ec3d696a3 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/google/mail.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/google/mail.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.google import GooglePlugin
 
 
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class GoogleMailPlugin(GooglePlugin):
         super().__init__(scopes=self.scopes, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def compose(self, sender, to, subject, body, files=None):
         """
         Compose a message.
@@ -91,9 +92,10 @@ class GoogleMailPlugin(GooglePlugin):
         message = (service.users().messages().send(
             userId='me', body=body).execute())
 
-        return Response(output=message)
+        return message
 
 
+    @action
     def get_labels(self):
         """
         Returns the available labels on the GMail account
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ class GoogleMailPlugin(GooglePlugin):
         service = self._get_service()
         results = service.users().labels().list(userId='me').execute()
         labels = results.get('labels', [])
-        return Response(output=labels)
+        return labels
 
 
     def _get_service(self):
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/google/maps.py b/platypush/plugins/google/maps.py
index 6f38676fa..c636021a9 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/google/maps.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/google/maps.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import json
 import requests
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.google import GooglePlugin
 
 
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class GoogleMapsPlugin(GooglePlugin):
         self.api_key = api_key
 
 
+    @action
     def get_address_from_latlng(self, latitude, longitude):
         """
         Get an address information given lat/long
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class GoogleMapsPlugin(GooglePlugin):
                     elif component_type == 'postal_code':
                         address['postal_code'] = addr_component['long_name']
 
-        return Response(output=address)
+        return address
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/gpio/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/gpio/__init__.py
index 99f331cbb..c4746b28b 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/gpio/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/gpio/__init__.py
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 import threading
 import time
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class GpioPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -17,6 +16,10 @@ class GpioPlugin(Plugin):
         * **RPi.GPIO** (`pip install RPi.GPIO`)
     """
 
+    def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def write(self, pin, val):
         """
         Write a byte value to a pin.
@@ -44,12 +47,13 @@ class GpioPlugin(Plugin):
         gpio.setup(pin, gpio.OUT)
         gpio.output(pin, val)
 
-        return Response(output={
+        return {
             'pin': pin,
             'val': val,
             'method': 'write',
-        })
+        }
 
+    @action
     def read(self, pin):
         """
         Reads a value from a PIN.
@@ -74,11 +78,11 @@ class GpioPlugin(Plugin):
         gpio.setup(pin, gpio.IN)
         val = gpio.input(pin)
 
-        return Response(output={
+        return {
             'pin': pin,
             'val': val,
             'method': 'read',
-        })
+        }
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/__init__.py
index 29e0af05b..e163a33d1 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class GpioSensorPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class GpioSensorPlugin(Plugin):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
+    @action
     def get_measurement(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Implemented by the subclasses.
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class GpioSensorPlugin(Plugin):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError('get_measurement should be implemented in a derived class')
 
+    @action
     def get_data(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Alias for ``get_measurement``
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/distance/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/distance/__init__.py
index 97e6162f3..78d81a39b 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/distance/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/distance/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import threading
 import time
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.gpio.sensor import GpioSensorPlugin
 
 
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class GpioSensorDistancePlugin(GpioSensorPlugin):
         gpio.output(self.trigger_pin, False)
 
 
+    @action
     def get_measurement(self):
         """
         Extends :func:`.GpioSensorPlugin.get_measurement`
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/mcp3008/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/mcp3008/__init__.py
index 520b7139d..80ffc8bea 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/mcp3008/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/gpio/sensor/mcp3008/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import enum
 import time
 
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.gpio.sensor import GpioSensorPlugin
-from platypush.message.response import Response
 
 
 class MCP3008Mode(enum.Enum):
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ class GpioSensorMcp3008Plugin(GpioSensorPlugin):
         return (value * self.Vdd) / 1023.0 if value is not None else None
 
 
+    @action
     def get_measurement(self):
         """
         Returns a measurement from the sensors connected to the MCP3008 device.
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ class GpioSensorMcp3008Plugin(GpioSensorPlugin):
             else:
                 values[i] = value
 
-        return Response(output=values)
+        return values
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/gpio/zeroborg/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/gpio/zeroborg/__init__.py
index e725d4bbd..ba0db0eed 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/gpio/zeroborg/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/gpio/zeroborg/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import enum
 import threading
 import time
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 from platypush.context import get_plugin
 from platypush.config import Config
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ class GpioZeroborgPlugin(Plugin):
         value = None
 
         while value is None:
-            value = plugin.get_measurement()
+            value = plugin.get_measurement().output
             if time.time() - measure_start_time > timeout:
                 return None
 
@@ -127,6 +126,7 @@ class GpioZeroborgPlugin(Plugin):
         return direction
 
 
+    @action
     def drive(self, direction):
         """
         Drive the motors in a certain direction.
@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ class GpioZeroborgPlugin(Plugin):
         self._drive_thread = threading.Thread(target=_run)
         self._drive_thread.start()
 
-        return Response(output={'status': 'running', 'direction': direction})
+        return {'status': 'running', 'direction': direction}
 
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         """
         Turns off the motors
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class GpioZeroborgPlugin(Plugin):
         self.zb.MotorsOff()
         self.zb.ResetEpo()
 
-        return Response(output={'status':'stopped'})
+        return {'status':'stopped'}
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/http/request/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/http/request/__init__.py
index 60f3cb878..c9ef4388a 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/http/request/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/http/request/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import requests
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -41,6 +39,9 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         }
     """
 
+    def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
     def _exec(self, method, url, output='text', **kwargs):
         """ Available output types: text (default), json, binary """
 
@@ -51,9 +52,10 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
 
         if output == 'json': output = response.json()
         if output == 'binary': output = response.content
-        return Response(output=output, errors=[])
+        return output
 
 
+    @action
     def get(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform a GET request
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         return self._exec(method='get', url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def post(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform a POST request
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         return self._exec(method='post', url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def head(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform an HTTP HEAD request
@@ -96,6 +100,7 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         return self._exec(method='head', url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def put(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform a PUT request
@@ -110,6 +115,7 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         return self._exec(method='put', url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform a DELETE request
@@ -124,6 +130,7 @@ class HttpRequestPlugin(Plugin):
         return self._exec(method='delete', url=url, **kwargs)
 
 
+    @action
     def options(self, url, **kwargs):
         """
         Perform an HTTP OPTIONS request
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/http/request/ota/booking/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/http/request/ota/booking/__init__.py
index da810ee8a..22ec50184 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/http/request/ota/booking/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/http/request/ota/booking/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import datetime
 import dateutil.parser
 
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.http.request import HttpRequestPlugin
 
 class HttpRequestOtaBookingPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ class HttpRequestOtaBookingPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
         self.timeout = timeout
 
 
+    @action
     def get_reservations(self, day='today'):
         url = 'https://hub-api.booking.com/v1/hotels/{}/reservations' \
             .format(self.hotel_id)
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/lastfm/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/lastfm/__init__.py
index 747cf3915..3ec26488a 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/lastfm/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/lastfm/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import pylast
 import time
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class LastfmPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@ class LastfmPlugin(Plugin):
             password_hash = pylast.md5(self.password))
 
 
+    @action
     def scrobble(self, artist, title, album=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Scrobble a track to Last.FM
@@ -61,8 +60,6 @@ class LastfmPlugin(Plugin):
             timestamp = int(time.time()),
         )
 
-        return Response()
-
 
     def update_now_playing(self, artist, title, album=None, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -82,8 +79,6 @@ class LastfmPlugin(Plugin):
             album = album,
         )
 
-        return Response()
-
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/light/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/light/__init__.py
index f4fa7a34c..7b37c0365 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/light/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/light/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class LightPlugin(Plugin):
     """
     Abstract plugin to interface your logic with lights/bulbs.
     """
 
+    @action
     def on(self):
         """ Turn the light on """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def off(self):
         """ Turn the light off """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def toggle(self):
         """ Toggle the light status (on/off) """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         """ Get the light status """
         raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/light/hue/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/light/hue/__init__.py
index 71677f38a..57688048b 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/light/hue/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/light/hue/__init__.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ from redis.exceptions import TimeoutError as QueueTimeoutError
 from phue import Bridge
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
+from platypush.plugins.light import LightPlugin
 
-from .. import LightPlugin
 
 class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
     """
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         for g in groups:
             self.lights.extend([l.name for l in g.lights])
 
+    @action
     def connect(self):
         """
         Connect to the configured Hue bridge. If the device hasn't been paired
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
             self.logger.info('Bridge already connected')
 
 
+    @action
     def get_scenes(self):
         """
         Get the available scenes on the devices.
@@ -129,9 +131,10 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
             }
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.bridge.get_scene())
+        return self.bridge.get_scene()
 
 
+    @action
     def get_lights(self):
         """
         Get the configured lights.
@@ -170,9 +173,10 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
             }
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.bridge.get_light())
+        return self.bridge.get_light()
 
 
+    @action
     def get_groups(self):
         """
         Get the list of configured light groups.
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
             }
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.bridge.get_group())
+        return self.bridge.get_group()
 
 
     def _exec(self, attr, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -257,8 +261,8 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
             self.bridge = None
             raise e
 
-        return Response(output='ok')
 
+    @action
     def set_light(self, light, **kwargs):
         """
         Set a light (or lights) property.
@@ -281,8 +285,8 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         self.connect()
         self.bridge.set_light(light, **kwargs)
-        return Response(output='ok')
 
+    @action
     def set_group(self, group, **kwargs):
         """
         Set a group (or groups) property.
@@ -305,8 +309,8 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         self.connect()
         self.bridge.set_group(group, **kwargs)
-        return Response(output='ok')
 
+    @action
     def on(self, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Turn lights/groups on.
@@ -317,6 +321,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('on', True, lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def off(self, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Turn lights/groups off.
@@ -327,6 +332,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('on', False, lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def bri(self, value, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Set lights/groups brightness.
@@ -339,6 +345,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         return self._exec('bri', int(value) % (self.MAX_BRI+1),
                       lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def sat(self, value, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Set lights/groups saturation.
@@ -351,6 +358,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         return self._exec('sat', int(value) % (self.MAX_SAT+1),
                       lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def hue(self, value, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Set lights/groups color hue.
@@ -363,6 +371,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         return self._exec('hue', int(value) % (self.MAX_HUE+1),
                       lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def scene(self, name, lights=[], groups=[]):
         """
         Set a scene by name.
@@ -374,6 +383,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('scene', name=name, lights=lights, groups=groups)
 
+    @action
     def is_animation_running(self):
         """
         :returns: True if there is an animation running, false otherwise.
@@ -381,6 +391,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
 
         return self.animation_thread is not None
 
+    @action
     def stop_animation(self):
         """
         Stop a running animation if any
@@ -389,6 +400,7 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         if self.animation_thread and self.animation_thread.is_alive():
             self.redis.rpush(self.ANIMATION_CTRL_QUEUE_NAME, 'STOP')
 
+    @action
     def animate(self, animation, duration=None,
                 hue_range=[0, MAX_HUE], sat_range=[0, MAX_SAT],
                 bri_range=[MAX_BRI-1, MAX_BRI], lights=None, groups=None,
@@ -529,7 +541,6 @@ class LightHuePlugin(LightPlugin):
         self.stop_animation()
         self.animation_thread = Thread(target=_animate_thread, args=(lights,))
         self.animation_thread.start()
-        return Response(output='ok')
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/media/ctrl.py b/platypush/plugins/media/ctrl.py
index c5c87f579..03c64a7b3 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/media/ctrl.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/media/ctrl.py
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ import re
 import subprocess
 
 from platypush.context import get_plugin
-from platypush.message.response import Response
 from platypush.plugins.media import PlayerState
 
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class MediaCtrlPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -76,9 +75,9 @@ class MediaCtrlPlugin(Plugin):
         return None
 
 
+    @action
     def play(self, url):
         (type, resource) = self._get_type_and_resource_by_url(url)
-        response = Response(output='', errors = [])
         plugin_name = None
 
         if type == 'mpd':
@@ -99,11 +98,13 @@ class MediaCtrlPlugin(Plugin):
         self.url = resource
         return self.plugin.play(resource)
 
+    @action
     def pause(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.pause()
 
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin:
@@ -112,36 +113,43 @@ class MediaCtrlPlugin(Plugin):
             return ret
 
 
+    @action
     def voldown(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.voldown()
 
 
+    @action
     def volup(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.volup()
 
 
+    @action
     def back(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.back()
 
 
+    @action
     def forward(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.forward()
 
 
+    @action
     def next(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.next()
 
 
+    @action
     def previous(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.previous()
 
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         plugin = self._get_playing_plugin()
         if plugin: return plugin.status()
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/midi.py b/platypush/plugins/midi.py
index 501fb3d9d..de0e35a15 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/midi.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/midi.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import rtmidi
 import time
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class MidiPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ class MidiPlugin(Plugin):
                          format(self.device_name))
 
 
+    @action
     def send_message(self, values, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         :param values: Values is expected to be a list containing the MIDI command code and the command parameters - see reference at https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~craig/articles/linuxmidi/misc/essenmidi.html
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ class MidiPlugin(Plugin):
         """
 
         self.midiout.send_message(values, *args, **kwargs)
-        return Response(output={'status':'ok'})
 
 
+    @action
     def play_note(self, note, velocity, duration=0):
         """
         Play a note with selected velocity and duration.
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ class MidiPlugin(Plugin):
             self._played_notes.remove(note)
 
 
+    @action
     def release_note(self, note):
         """
         Release a played note.
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ class MidiPlugin(Plugin):
         self._played_notes.remove(note)
 
 
+    @action
     def release_all_notes(self):
         """
         Release all the notes being played.
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/mqtt.py b/platypush/plugins/mqtt.py
index 7a6615b28..cd8cd5f5b 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/mqtt.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/mqtt.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import json
 import paho.mqtt.publish as publisher
 
 from platypush.message import Message
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class MqttPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ class MqttPlugin(Plugin):
     with the MQTT protocol, see http://mqtt.org/
     """
 
+    @action
     def send_message(self, topic, msg, host, port=1883, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Sends a message to a topic/channel.
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ class MqttPlugin(Plugin):
         except: pass
 
         publisher.single(topic, str(msg), hostname=host, port=port)
-        return Response(output={'state': 'ok'})
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/music/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/music/__init__.py
index 90f5f59ec..42c20681e 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/music/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/music/__init__.py
@@ -1,33 +1,47 @@
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
+
 
 class MusicPlugin(Plugin):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def play(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def pause(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def next(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def previous(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def setvol(self, vol):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def add(self, content):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def playlistadd(self, playlist):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def clear(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/music/mpd/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/music/mpd/__init__.py
index 921413647..dab128aa1 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/music/mpd/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/music/mpd/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import mpd
 import re
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import MusicPlugin
+from platypush.plugins import action
+from platypush.plugins.music import MusicPlugin
 
 class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
     """
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         :type port: int
         """
 
+        super().__init__()
         self.host = host
         self.port = port
         self.client = mpd.MPDClient(use_unicode=True)
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
 
     def _exec(self, method, *args, **kwargs):
         getattr(self.client, method)(*args, **kwargs)
-        return self.status()
+        return self.status().output
 
+    @action
     def play(self, resource=None):
         """
         Play a resource by path/URI
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             self.add(resource)
         return self._exec('play')
 
+    @action
     def play_pos(self, pos):
         """
         Play a track in the current playlist by position number
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('play', pos)
 
+    @action
     def pause(self):
         """ Pause playback """
 
@@ -68,31 +71,38 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         if status == 'play': return self._exec('pause')
         else: return self._exec('play')
 
+    @action
     def pause_if_playing(self):
         """ Pause playback only if it's playing """
 
         status = self.status().output['state']
-        if status == 'play': return self._exec('pause')
-        else: return Response(output={})
+        if status == 'play':
+            return self._exec('pause')
 
+    @action
     def play_if_paused(self):
         """ Play only if it's paused (resume) """
 
         status = self.status().output['state']
-        if status == 'pause': return self._exec('play')
-        else: return Response(output={})
+        if status == 'pause':
+            return self._exec('play')
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         """ Stop playback """
-
         return self._exec('stop')
 
+
+    @action
     def play_or_stop(self):
         """ Play or stop (play state toggle) """
         status = self.status().output['state']
-        if status == 'play': return self._exec('stop')
-        else: return self._exec('play')
+        if status == 'play':
+            return self._exec('stop')
+        else:
+            return self._exec('play')
 
+    @action
     def playid(self, track_id):
         """
         Play a track by ID
@@ -103,14 +113,17 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('playid', track_id)
 
+    @action
     def next(self):
         """ Play the next track """
         return self._exec('next')
 
+    @action
     def previous(self):
         """ Play the previous track """
         return self._exec('previous')
 
+    @action
     def setvol(self, vol):
         """
         Set the volume
@@ -120,6 +133,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         """
         return self._exec('setvol', vol)
 
+    @action
     def volup(self, delta=10):
         """
         Turn up the volume
@@ -134,6 +148,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             self.setvol(str(new_volume))
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def voldown(self, delta=10):
         """
         Turn down the volume
@@ -148,6 +163,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             self.setvol(str(new_volume))
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def random(self, value=None):
         """
         Set shuffle mode
@@ -161,6 +177,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             value = 1 if value == 0 else 0
         return self._exec('random', value)
 
+    @action
     def repeat(self, value=None):
         """
         Set repeat mode
@@ -174,6 +191,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             value = 1 if value == 0 else 0
         return self._exec('repeat', value)
 
+    @action
     def add(self, resource):
         """
         Add a resource (track, album, artist, folder etc.) to the current playlist
@@ -184,6 +202,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('add', resource)
 
+    @action
     def load(self, playlist):
         """
         Load and play a playlist by name
@@ -195,10 +214,12 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         self._exec('load', playlist)
         return self.play()
 
+    @action
     def clear(self):
         """ Clear the current playlist """
         return self._exec('clear')
 
+    @action
     def seekcur(self, value):
         """
         Seek to the specified position
@@ -209,16 +230,19 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
 
         return self._exec('seekcur', value)
 
+    @action
     def forward(self):
         """ Go forward by 15 seconds """
 
         return self._exec('seekcur', '+15')
 
+    @action
     def back(self):
         """ Go backward by 15 seconds """
 
         return self._exec('seekcur', '-15')
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         """
         :returns: The current state.
@@ -245,8 +269,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             }
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.client.status())
+        return self.client.status()
 
+    @action
     def currentsong(self):
         """
         :returns: The currently played track.
@@ -277,8 +302,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
                 track['artist'] = m.group(1)
                 track['title'] = m.group(2)
 
-        return Response(output=track)
+        return track
 
+    @action
     def playlistinfo(self):
         """
         :returns: The tracks in the current playlist as a list of dicts.
@@ -315,8 +341,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             ]
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.client.playlistinfo())
+        return self.client.playlistinfo()
 
+    @action
     def listplaylists(self):
         """
         :returns: The playlists available on the server as a list of dicts.
@@ -338,17 +365,18 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             ]
         """
 
-        return Response(output=sorted(self.client.listplaylists(),
-                                      key=lambda p: p['playlist']))
+        return sorted(self.client.listplaylists(), key=lambda p: p['playlist'])
 
+    @action
     def lsinfo(self, uri=None):
         """
         Returns the list of playlists and directories on the server
         """
 
         output = self.client.lsinfo(uri) if uri else self.client.lsinfo()
-        return Response(output=output)
+        return output
 
+    @action
     def plchanges(self, version):
         """
         Show what has changed on the current playlist since a specified playlist
@@ -360,8 +388,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         :returns: A list of dicts representing the songs being added since the specified version
         """
 
-        return Response(output=self.client.plchanges(version))
+        return self.client.plchanges(version)
 
+    @action
     def searchaddplaylist(self, name):
         """
         Search and add a playlist by (partial or full) name
@@ -379,10 +408,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
             self.client.clear()
             self.client.load(playlists[0])
             self.client.play()
-            return Response(output={'playlist': playlists[0]})
-
-        return Response(output={})
+            return {'playlist': playlists[0]}
 
+    @action
     def find(self, filter, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Find in the database/library by filter.
@@ -392,9 +420,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         :returns: list[dict]
         """
 
-        return Response(
-            output=self.client.find(*filter, *args, **kwargs))
+        return self.client.find(*filter, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    @action
     def findadd(self, filter, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Find in the database/library by filter and add to the current playlist.
@@ -404,9 +432,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         :returns: list[dict]
         """
 
-        return Response(
-            output=self.client.findadd(*filter, *args, **kwargs))
+        return self.client.findadd(*filter, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    @action
     def search(self, filter, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Free search by filter.
@@ -422,8 +450,9 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         items = sorted(items, key=lambda item:
                        0 if item['file'].startswith('spotify:') else 1)
 
-        return Response(output=items)
+        return items
 
+    @action
     def searchadd(self, filter, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Free search by filter and add the results to the current playlist.
@@ -433,8 +462,7 @@ class MusicMpdPlugin(MusicPlugin):
         :returns: list[dict]
         """
 
-        return Response(
-            output=self.client.searchadd(*filter, *args, **kwargs))
+        return self.client.searchadd(*filter, *args, **kwargs)
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/pushbullet.py b/platypush/plugins/pushbullet.py
index d9c02d64d..c016ca183 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/pushbullet.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/pushbullet.py
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ import os
 import requests
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class PushbulletPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ class PushbulletPlugin(Plugin):
         * **requests** (``pip install requests``)
     """
 
+    @action
     def send_push(self, **kwargs):
         """
         Send a push.
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ class PushbulletPlugin(Plugin):
             raise Exception('Pushbullet push failed with status {}: {}'.
                             format(resp.status_code, resp.json()))
 
-        return Response(output={'status':'ok'})
-
 
+    @action
     def send_file(self, filename):
         """
         Send a file.
@@ -83,11 +82,11 @@ class PushbulletPlugin(Plugin):
             raise Exception('Pushbullet file push failed with status {}'.
                             format(resp.status_code))
 
-        return Response(output={
+        return {
             'filename': r['file_name'],
             'type': r['file_type'],
             'url': r['file_url']
-        })
+        }
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/redis.py b/platypush/plugins/redis.py
index 8a65258d4..0d07ccb8a 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/redis.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/redis.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from redis import Redis
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class RedisPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ class RedisPlugin(Plugin):
         * **redis** (``pip install redis``)
     """
 
+    @action
     def send_message(self, queue, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Send a message to a Redis queu.
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ class RedisPlugin(Plugin):
 
         redis = Redis(*args, **kwargs)
         redis.rpush(queue, msg)
-        return Response(output={'state': 'ok'})
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/serial/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/serial/__init__.py
index 0083fde69..a49860c73 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/serial/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/serial/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import json
 import serial
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class SerialPlugin(Plugin):
@@ -60,6 +58,7 @@ class SerialPlugin(Plugin):
 
         return output.decode().strip()
 
+    @action
     def get_data(self):
         """
         Reads JSON data from the serial device and returns it as a message
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ class SerialPlugin(Plugin):
             self.logger.warning('Invalid JSON message from {}: {}'.
                                 format(self.device, data))
 
-        return Response(output=data)
+        return data
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/shell/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/shell/__init__.py
index 41ab1a170..02d724edd 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/shell/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/shell/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 import subprocess
 
 from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
-from .. import Plugin
 
 class ShellPlugin(Plugin):
     """
     Plugin to run custom shell commands.
     """
 
+    @action
     def exec(self, cmd):
         """
         Execute a command.
@@ -19,16 +20,12 @@ class ShellPlugin(Plugin):
         :returns: A response object where the ``output`` field will contain the command output as a string, and the ``errors`` field will contain whatever was sent to stderr.
         """
 
-        output = None
-        errors = []
-
         try:
-            output = subprocess.check_output(
+            return subprocess.check_output(
                 cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            errors = [e.output.decode('utf-8')]
+            raise RuntimeError(e.output.decode('utf-8'))
 
-        return Response(output=output, errors=errors)
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/switch/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/switch/__init__.py
index 24316f383..b025807cc 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/switch/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class SwitchPlugin(Plugin):
     """
     Abstract class for interacting with switch devices
     """
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @action
     def on(self, args):
         """ Turn the device on """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def off(self, args):
         """ Turn the device off """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def toggle(self, args):
         """ Toggle the device status (on/off) """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         """ Get the device state """
         raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/switch/switchbot/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/switch/switchbot/__init__.py
index b8b00e6ef..13185dfd6 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/switch/switchbot/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/switch/switchbot/__init__.py
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import time
 
 from bluetooth.ble import DiscoveryService, GATTRequester
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import SwitchPlugin
+from platypush.plugins import action
+from platypush.plugins.switch import SwitchPlugin
 
 class Scanner(object):
     service_uuid = '1bc5d5a5-0200b89f-e6114d22-000da2cb'
@@ -112,6 +111,7 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         :type devices: dict
         """
 
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.bt_interface = bt_interface
         self.connect_timeout = connect_timeout if connect_timeout else 5
         self.scan_timeout = scan_timeout if scan_timeout else 2
@@ -119,15 +119,12 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
 
 
     def _run(self, device, command=None):
-        output = None
-        errors = []
-
         try:
             # XXX this requires sudo and it's executed in its own process
             # because the Switchbot plugin requires root privileges to send
             # raw bluetooth messages on the interface. Make sure that the user
             # that runs platypush has the right permissions to run this with sudo
-            output = subprocess.check_output((
+            return subprocess.check_output((
                 'sudo python3 -m platypush.plugins.switch.switchbot ' +
                 '--device {} ' +
                 ('--interface {} '.format(self.bt_interface) if self.bt_interface else '') +
@@ -135,11 +132,10 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
                 ('--{} '.format(command) if command else '')).format(device),
                 stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            errors = [e.output.decode('utf-8')]
-
-        return Response(output=output, errors=errors)
+            raise RuntimeError(e.output.decode('utf-8'))
 
 
+    @action
     def press(self, device):
         """
         Send a press button command to a device
@@ -149,6 +145,7 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         """
         return self._run(device)
 
+    @action
     def on(self, device):
         """
         Send a press-on button command to a device
@@ -158,6 +155,7 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         """
         return self._run(device, 'on')
 
+    @action
     def off(self, device):
         """
         Send a press-off button command to a device
@@ -167,25 +165,17 @@ class SwitchSwitchbotPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         """
         return self._run(device, 'off')
 
+    @action
     def scan(self):
         """ Scan for available Switchbot devices nearby """
-        output = None
-        errors = []
-
         try:
-            print('sudo python3 -m platypush.plugins.switch.switchbot --scan ' +
-                ('--interface {} '.format(self.bt_interface) if self.bt_interface else '') +
-                ('--scan-timeout {} '.format(self.scan_timeout) if self.scan_timeout else ''))
-
-            output = subprocess.check_output(
+            return subprocess.check_output(
                 'sudo python3 -m platypush.plugins.switch.switchbot --scan ' +
                 ('--interface {} '.format(self.bt_interface) if self.bt_interface else '') +
                 ('--scan-timeout {} '.format(self.scan_timeout) if self.scan_timeout else ''),
                 stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            errors = [e.output.decode('utf-8')]
-
-        return Response(output=output, errors=errors)
+            raise RuntimeError(e.output.decode('utf-8'))
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/switch/tplink.py b/platypush/plugins/switch/tplink.py
index c1a58196c..6a8100dcf 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/switch/tplink.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/switch/tplink.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from pyHS100 import Discover
 
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.switch import SwitchPlugin
 
 
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
     _ip_to_dev = {}
     _alias_to_dev = {}
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _scan(self):
         devices = Discover.discover()
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
             raise RuntimeError('Device {} not found'.format(device))
 
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         """
         :returns: The available device over the network as a
@@ -61,8 +64,9 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
             } for (ip, dev) in self._scan().items()
         } }
 
-        return Response(output=devices)
+        return devices
 
+    @action
     def on(self, device):
         """
         Turn on a device
@@ -73,9 +77,10 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
 
         device = self._get_device(device)
         device.turn_on()
-        return Response(output={'status':'on'})
+        return {'status':'on'}
 
 
+    @action
     def off(self, device):
         """
         Turn off a device
@@ -86,9 +91,10 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
 
         device = self._get_device(device)
         device.turn_off()
-        return Response(output={'status':'off'})
+        return {'status':'off'}
 
 
+    @action
     def toggle(self, device):
         """
         Toggle the state of a device (on/off)
@@ -104,7 +110,7 @@ class SwitchTplinkPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         else:
             device.turn_on()
 
-        return Response(output={'status': 'off' if device.is_off else 'on'})
+        return {'status': 'off' if device.is_off else 'on'}
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/switch/wemo/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/switch/wemo/__init__.py
index 7fae85fd4..ecbfd793e 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/switch/wemo/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/switch/wemo/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import json
 
 from ouimeaux.environment import Environment, UnknownDevice
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
+from platypush.plugins.switch import SwitchPlugin
 
-from .. import SwitchPlugin
 
 class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
     """
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         :param discovery_seconds: Discovery time when scanning for devices (default: 3)
         :type discovery_seconds: int
         """
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.discovery_seconds=discovery_seconds
         self.env = Environment()
         self.env.start()
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         self.env.discover(seconds=self.discovery_seconds)
         self.devices = self.env.devices
 
+    @action
     def get_devices(self):
         """
         Get the list of available devices
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
             }
         """
         self.refresh_devices()
-        return Response(
-            output = { 'devices': [
+        return {
+            'devices': [
                 {
                     'host': dev.host,
                     'name': dev.name,
@@ -67,8 +68,8 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
                     'serialnumber': dev.serialnumber,
                 }
                 for (name, dev) in self.devices.items()
-            ] }
-        )
+            ]
+        }
 
     def _exec(self, method, device, *args, **kwargs):
         if device not in self.devices:
@@ -81,9 +82,9 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         dev = self.devices[device]
         getattr(dev, method)(*args, **kwargs)
 
-        resp = {'device': device, 'state': dev.get_state()}
-        return Response(output=json.dumps(resp))
+        return {'device': device, 'state': dev.get_state()}
 
+    @action
     def on(self, device):
         """
         Turn a switch on
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         """
         return self._exec('on', device)
 
+    @action
     def off(self, device):
         """
         Turn a switch off
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ class SwitchWemoPlugin(SwitchPlugin):
         """
         return self._exec('off', device)
 
+    @action
     def toggle(self, device):
         """
         Toggle the state of a switch (on/off)
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/tts/__init__.py b/platypush/plugins/tts/__init__.py
index 0e9161276..893dc18f5 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/tts/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/tts/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import subprocess
 import urllib.parse
 
 from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 class TtsPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ class TtsPlugin(Plugin):
         super().__init__()
         self.lang=lang
 
+    @action
     def say(self, phrase, lang=None):
         """
         Say a phrase
@@ -41,12 +41,10 @@ class TtsPlugin(Plugin):
                 }))]
 
         try:
-            output = subprocess.check_output(
+            return subprocess.check_output(
                 cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            errors = [e.output.decode('utf-8')]
-
-        return Response(output=output, errors=errors)
+            raise RuntimeError(e.output.decode('utf-8'))
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/variable.py b/platypush/plugins/variable.py
index 8c183514f..efc883847 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/variable.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/variable.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 
 
 class VariablePlugin(Plugin):
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ class VariablePlugin(Plugin):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self._variables = {}
 
+    @action
     def get(self, name, default_value=None):
         """
         Get the value of a variable by name.
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ class VariablePlugin(Plugin):
         :returns: A map in the format ``{"<name>":"<value>"}``
         """
 
-        return Response(output={name: self._variables.get(name, default_value)})
+        return {name: self._variables.get(name, default_value)}
 
+    @action
     def set(self, **kwargs):
         """
         Set a variable or a set of variables.
@@ -35,8 +36,9 @@ class VariablePlugin(Plugin):
 
         for (name, value) in kwargs.items():
             self._variables[name] = value
-        return Response(output=kwargs)
+        return kwargs
 
+    @action
     def unset(self, name):
         """
         Unset a variable by name if it's set
@@ -46,9 +48,6 @@ class VariablePlugin(Plugin):
         """
         if name in self._variables:
             del self._variables[name]
-            return Response(output={'status':'ok'})
-        else:
-            return Response(output={'status':'not_found'})
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/video/omxplayer.py b/platypush/plugins/video/omxplayer.py
index 2f60d8de5..849f3c11d 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/video/omxplayer.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/video/omxplayer.py
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ from omxplayer import OMXPlayer
 
 from platypush.context import get_backend
 from platypush.plugins.media import PlayerState
-from platypush.message.response import Response
 from platypush.message.event.video import VideoPlayEvent, VideoPauseEvent, \
     VideoStopEvent, NewPlayingVideoEvent
 
-from .. import Plugin
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
+
 
 class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
     """
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         self.videos_queue = []
         self.torrent_ports = torrent_ports if torrent_ports else self.default_torrent_ports
 
+    @action
     def play(self, resource):
         """
         Play a resource.
@@ -105,9 +106,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
                 self.videos_queue = resources
                 resource = self.videos_queue.pop(0)
             else:
-                error = 'Unable to download torrent {}'.format(resource)
-                self.logger.warning(error)
-                return Response(errors=[error])
+                raise RuntimeError('Unable to download torrent {}'.format(resource))
 
         self.logger.info('Playing {}'.format(resource))
 
@@ -130,10 +129,12 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
 
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def pause(self):
         """ Pause the playback """
         if self.player: self.player.play_pause()
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         """ Stop the playback """
         if self.player:
@@ -143,30 +144,35 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
 
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def voldown(self):
         """ Volume down by 10% """
         if self.player:
             self.player.set_volume(max(-6000, self.player.volume()-1000))
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def volup(self):
         """ Volume up by 10% """
         if self.player:
             self.player.set_volume(min(0, self.player.volume()+1000))
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def back(self):
         """ Back by 30 seconds """
         if self.player:
             self.player.seek(-30)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def forward(self):
         """ Forward by 30 seconds """
         if self.player:
             self.player.seek(+30)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def next(self):
         """ Play the next track/video """
         if self.player:
@@ -176,19 +182,19 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
             video = self.videos_queue.pop(0)
             return self.play(video)
 
-        return Response(output={'status': 'no media'}, errors = [])
-
-
+    @action
     def hide_subtitles(self):
         """ Hide the subtitles """
         if self.player: self.player.hide_subtitles()
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def hide_video(self):
         """ Hide the video """
         if self.player: self.player.hide_video()
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def is_playing(self):
         """
         :returns: True if it's playing, False otherwise
@@ -197,6 +203,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         if self.player: return self.player.is_playing()
         else: return False
 
+    @action
     def load(self, resource, pause=False):
         """
         Load a resource/video in the player.
@@ -208,21 +215,26 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         if self.player: self.player.load(resource, pause)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def metadata(self):
         """ Get the metadata of the current video """
-        if self.player: return Response(output=self.player.metadata())
+        if self.player:
+            return self.player.metadata()
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def mute(self):
         """ Mute the player """
         if self.player: self.player.mute()
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def unmute(self):
         """ Unmute the player """
         if self.player: self.player.unmute()
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def seek(self, relative_position):
         """
         Seek backward/forward by the specified number of seconds
@@ -234,6 +246,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         if self.player: self.player.seek(relative_position)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def set_position(self, position):
         """
         Seek backward/forward to the specified absolute position
@@ -245,6 +258,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         if self.player: self.player.set_seek(position)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def set_volume(self, volume):
         """
         Set the volume
@@ -258,6 +272,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         if self.player: self.player.set_volume(volume)
         return self.status()
 
+    @action
     def status(self):
         """
         Get the current player state.
@@ -285,7 +300,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
             elif state == 'stopped': state = PlayerState.STOP.value
             elif state == 'paused': state = PlayerState.PAUSE.value
 
-            return Response(output=json.dumps({
+            return {
                 'source': self.player.get_source(),
                 'state': state,
                 'volume': self.player.volume(),
@@ -293,12 +308,13 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
                 'duration': self.player.duration(),
                 'width': self.player.width(),
                 'height': self.player.height(),
-            }))
+            }
         else:
-            return Response(output=json.dumps({
+            return {
                 'state': PlayerState.STOP.value
-            }))
+            }
 
+    @action
     def send_message(self, msg):
         try:
             redis = get_backend('redis')
@@ -311,16 +327,19 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
 
         redis.send_message(msg)
 
+    @action
     def on_play(self):
         def _f(player):
             self.send_message(VideoPlayEvent(video=self.player.get_source()))
         return _f
 
+    @action
     def on_pause(self):
         def _f(player):
             self.send_message(VideoPauseEvent(video=self.player.get_source()))
         return _f
 
+    @action
     def on_stop(self):
         def _f(player):
             self.send_message(VideoStopEvent())
@@ -335,6 +354,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         self.player.pauseEvent += self.on_pause()
         self.player.stopEvent += self.on_stop()
 
+    @action
     def search(self, query, types=None, queue_results=False, autoplay=False):
         """
         Perform a video search.
@@ -376,7 +396,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
             elif autoplay:
                 self.play(results[0]['url'])
 
-        return Response(output=results)
+        return results
 
     @classmethod
     def _is_video_file(cls, filename):
@@ -388,6 +408,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
 
         return is_video
 
+    @action
     def file_search(self, query):
         results = []
         query_tokens = [_.lower() for _ in re.split('\s+', query.strip())]
@@ -413,8 +434,9 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
                         'title': f,
                     })
 
-        return Response(output=results)
+        return results
 
+    @action
     def youtube_search(self, query):
         self.logger.info('Searching YouTube for "{}"'.format(query))
 
@@ -439,7 +461,7 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
         self.logger.info('{} YouTube video results for the search query "{}"'
                      .format(len(results), query))
 
-        return Response(output=results)
+        return results
 
 
     @classmethod
@@ -476,8 +498,9 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
             for _ in json.loads(request.read())['MovieList']
         ]
 
-        return Response(output=results)
+        return results
 
+    @action
     def download_torrent(self, magnet):
         """
         Download a torrent to ``download_dir`` by Magnet URI
@@ -538,9 +561,10 @@ class VideoOmxplayerPlugin(Plugin):
 
             time.sleep(5)
 
-        return Response(output=files)
+        return files
 
 
+    @action
     def get_torrent_state(self):
         return self.torrent_state
 
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/video/torrentcast.py b/platypush/plugins/video/torrentcast.py
index 250c5c9e9..868294e22 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/video/torrentcast.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/video/torrentcast.py
@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ import urllib3
 import urllib.request
 import urllib.parse
 
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 from platypush.plugins.media import PlayerState
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-
-from .. import Plugin
 
 class VideoTorrentcastPlugin(Plugin):
     def __init__(self, server='localhost', port=9090, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -14,6 +12,7 @@ class VideoTorrentcastPlugin(Plugin):
         self.port = port
         self.state = PlayerState.STOP.value
 
+    @action
     def play(self, url):
         request = urllib.request.urlopen(
             'http://{}:{}/play/'.format(self.server, self.port),
@@ -23,24 +22,27 @@ class VideoTorrentcastPlugin(Plugin):
         )
 
         self.state = PlayerState.PLAY.value
-        return Response(output=request.read())
+        return request.read()
 
+    @action
     def pause(self):
         http = urllib3.PoolManager()
         request = http.request('POST',
             'http://{}:{}/pause/'.format(self.server, self.port))
 
         self.state = PlayerState.PAUSE.value
-        return Response(output=request.read())
+        return request.read()
 
+    @action
     def stop(self):
         http = urllib3.PoolManager()
         request = http.request('POST',
             'http://{}:{}/stop/'.format(self.server, self.port))
 
         self.state = PlayerState.STOP.value
-        return Response(output=request.read())
+        return request.read()
 
+    @action
     def search(self, query):
         request = urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(
             'https://api.apidomain.info/list?' + urllib.parse.urlencode({
@@ -56,8 +58,9 @@ class VideoTorrentcastPlugin(Plugin):
         )
 
         results = json.loads(request.read())
-        return Response(output=results)
+        return results
 
+    @action
     def search_and_play(self, query):
         response = self.search(query)
         if not response.output['MovieList']:
@@ -71,13 +74,20 @@ class VideoTorrentcastPlugin(Plugin):
 
         return self.play(magnet)
 
-    def voldown(self): return Response(output='Unsupported method')
-    def volup(self): return Response(output='Unsupported method')
-    def back(self): return Response(output='Unsupported method')
-    def forward(self): return Response(output='Unsupported method')
+    @action
+    def voldown(self): raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def status(self):
-        return Response(output={ 'state': self.state })
+    @action
+    def volup(self): raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @action
+    def back(self): raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @action
+    def forward(self): raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @action
+    def status(self): return { 'state': self.state }
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/plugins/weather/forecast.py b/platypush/plugins/weather/forecast.py
index 85b9e6274..df6ee53c5 100644
--- a/platypush/plugins/weather/forecast.py
+++ b/platypush/plugins/weather/forecast.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import action
 from platypush.plugins.http.request import HttpRequestPlugin
 
 
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ class WeatherForecastPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
             format(self.darksky_token, (lat or self.lat), (long or self.long),
                    self.units)
 
+    @action
     def get_current_weather(self, lat=None, long=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Get the current weather.
@@ -83,8 +84,9 @@ class WeatherForecastPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
         """
 
         response = self.get(self._get_url(lat, long))
-        return Response(output=response.output['currently'])
+        return response.output['currently']
 
+    @action
     def get_hourly_forecast(self, lat=None, long=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Get the hourly forecast.
@@ -146,8 +148,9 @@ class WeatherForecastPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
         """
 
         response = self.get(self._get_url(lat, long))
-        return Response(output=response.output['hourly'])
+        return response.output['hourly']
 
+    @action
     def get_daily_forecast(self, lat=None, long=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Get the daily forecast.
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ class WeatherForecastPlugin(HttpRequestPlugin):
         """
 
         response = self.get(self._get_url(lat, long))
-        return Response(output=response.output['daily'])
+        return response.output['daily']
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:
diff --git a/platypush/utils/__init__.py b/platypush/utils/__init__.py
index 62317e62e..1015ac893 100644
--- a/platypush/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/platypush/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import ast
 import errno
 import hashlib
 import importlib
+import inspect
 import logging
 import os
 import signal
@@ -67,8 +69,32 @@ def clear_timeout():
 
 
 def get_hash(s):
+    """ Get the SHA256 hash hexdigest of a string input """
     return hashlib.sha256(s.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
 
 
+def get_decorators(cls):
+    target = cls
+    decorators = {}
+
+    def visit_FunctionDef(node):
+        # decorators[node.name] = []
+        for n in node.decorator_list:
+            name = ''
+            if isinstance(n, ast.Call):
+                name = n.func.attr if isinstance(n.func, ast.Attribute) else n.func.id
+            else:
+                name = n.attr if isinstance(n, ast.Attribute) else n.id
+
+            decorators[name] = decorators.get(name, [])
+            # decorators[node.name].append(name)
+            decorators[name].append(node.name)
+
+    node_iter = ast.NodeVisitor()
+    node_iter.visit_FunctionDef = visit_FunctionDef
+    node_iter.visit(ast.parse(inspect.getsource(target)))
+    return decorators
+
+
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et: