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Added Arch Linux installation script
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6 changed files with 510 additions and 1 deletions
6
.gitignore
vendored
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6
.gitignore
vendored
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*.iso
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*.img
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*.cow
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*.cow2
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*.log
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mnt
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73
README.md
73
README.md
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@ -1,2 +1,73 @@
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# qemu-arch-linux-automation
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Scripts and playbooks to automate the installation, configuration and management of Arch Linux VMs in qemu
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Scripts and playbooks to automate the installation, configuration and
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management of Arch Linux VMs in qemu.
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## Dependencies
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- `qemu`
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- `curl`
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- `expect`
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## Installation
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- Add the path to the `src` directory to your `PATH` environment variable
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- Create a symbolic link to `src/` directory to your `PATH` environment variable
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## Usage
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### Install an Arch Linux virtual machine
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```text
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Usage: qemu-arch install [-o <output-disk-image>] [-a <architecture>] [-s <disk-size>]
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[-m <memory>] [-h <hostname>] [-P <root-password>] [-u <non-root-username>]
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[-p <non-root-user-password>] [-z <timezone>] [-l <locale>] [-M <arch-mirror-url>]
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-o <output-disk-image> Path of the output disk image (default: ./arch.img)
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-a <architecture> Target architecture (default: x86_64)
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-s <disk-size> Disk size (default: 8G)
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-m <memory> RAM size in KB (default: 2048)
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-h <hostname> VM hostname (default: qemu)
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-P <root-password> Root password. If not specified it will be prompted
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-u <non-root-username> Username for the main non-root user
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-p <non-root-user-password> Password for the non-root user. If not specified
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it will be prompted
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-z <timezone> System timezone (default: UTC)
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-l <locale> System locale (default: en_US.UTF-8)
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-M <arch-mirror-url> Arch Linux download mirror URL
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(default: http://mirror.cj2.nl/archlinux/iso/latest/)
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Consult https://archlinux.org/download/ for a
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full list of the available download mirrors.
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```
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If you want to install an extra list of packages besides the default ones, then
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specify them in a file named `PKGLIST` in the same directory as the disk image file.
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If you want to run a custom post-installation script after the core system has been
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installed, then create a custom script named `post-install.sh` in the same directory
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as the disk image file.
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#### Notes
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The keyring population process may currently (as of March 2022) take a long time.
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This is a [known issue](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/rbjbcr/pacman_keyring_update_taking_too_long/).
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As a workaround, if you want to speed up the OS installation process, you can
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temporarily disable pacman keyring checks upon package installation by
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uncommenting the relevant lines in `src/helpers/install.sh` (function:
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`install_os`).
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### Resizing an existing image
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```bash
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qemu-img resize "$imgfile" +10G
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```
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### Create a COW (Copy-On-Write) image on top of a disk image
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```bash
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qemu-img create -o backing_file="$imgfile",backing_fmt=raw -f qcow2 img1.cow
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```
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This is particularly useful if you want to have a "base" image and several customized
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images built on it.
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109
src/actions/install.sh
Executable file
109
src/actions/install.sh
Executable file
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export default_imgfile=arch.img
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export default_architecture=x86_64
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export default_disk_size=8G
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export default_memory=2048
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export default_hostname=qemu
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export default_root_password=root
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export default_username=user
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export default_user_password=password
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export default_timezone=UTC
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export default_locale=en_US.UTF-8
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export default_img_download_page='http://mirror.cj2.nl/archlinux/iso/latest/'
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export isofile=archlinux-latest.iso
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imgfile=
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architecture=
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disk_size=
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memory=
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hostname=
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root_password=
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username=
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user_password=
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timezone=
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locale="$default_locale"
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img_download_page="$default_img_download_page"
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function usage() {
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echo "Install an Arch Linux system on a QEMU disk image"
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echo
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echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") install [-o <output-disk-image>] [-a <architecture>] [-s <disk-size>]"
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echo -e "\t[-m <memory>] [-h <hostname>] [-P <root-password>] [-u <non-root-username>]"
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echo -e "\t[-p <non-root-user-password>] [-z <timezone>] [-l <locale>] [-M <arch-mirror-url>]"
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echo
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echo -e "-o <output-disk-image>\t\tPath of the output disk image (default: ./arch.img)"
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echo -e "-a <architecture>\t\tTarget architecture (default: x86_64)"
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echo -e "-s <disk-size>\t\t\tDisk size (default: 8G)"
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echo -e "-m <memory>\t\t\tRAM size in KB (default: 2048)"
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echo -e "-h <hostname>\t\t\tVM hostname (default: qemu)"
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echo -e "-P <root-password>\t\tRoot password. If not specified it will be prompted"
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echo -e "-u <non-root-username>\t\tUsername for the main non-root user"
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echo -e "-p <non-root-user-password>\tPassword for the non-root user. If not specified it will be prompted"
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echo -e "-z <timezone>\t\t\tSystem timezone (default: UTC)"
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echo -e "-l <locale>\t\t\tSystem locale (default: en_US.UTF-8)"
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echo -e "-M <arch-mirror-url>\t\tArch Linux download mirror URL (default: http://mirror.cj2.nl/archlinux/iso/latest/)"
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echo -e "\t\t\t\tConsult https://archlinux.org/download/ for a full list of the available download mirrors."
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echo
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echo "If you want to install an extra list of packages besides the default ones, then"
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echo "specify them in a file named PKGLIST in the same directory as the disk image file."
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echo
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echo "If you want to run a custom post-installation script after the core system has been"
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echo "installed, then create a custom script named post-install.sh in the same directory as"
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echo "the disk image file".
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exit 1
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}
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optstring=':o:a:s:m:h:P:u:p:z:l:M:'
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[[ "$1" == '--help' ]] && usage
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while getopts ${optstring} arg; do
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case ${arg} in
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o) imgfile="${OPTARG}";;
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a) architecture="${OPTARG}";;
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s) disk_size="${OPTARG}";;
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m) memory="${OPTARG}";;
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h) hostname="${OPTARG}";;
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P) root_password="${OPTARG}";;
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u) username="${OPTARG}";;
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p) user_password="${OPTARG}";;
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z) timezone="${OPTARG}";;
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l) locale="${OPTARG}";;
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M) img_download_page="${OPTARG}";;
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?)
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echo "Invalid option: -${OPTARG}" >&2
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usage;;
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esac
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done
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[ -z "$imgfile" ] && read -p "Output disk image file [$default_imgfile]: " imgfile
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[ -z "$architecture" ] && read -p "Architecture [$default_architecture]: " architecture
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[ -z "$disk_size" ] && read -p "Disk size [$default_disk_size]: " disk_size
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[ -z "$memory" ] && read -p "Memory in KB [$default_memory]: " memory
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[ -z "$hostname" ] && read -p "Hostname [$default_hostname]: " hostname
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[ -z "$root_password" ] && read -sp "Root password [$default_root_password]: " root_password && echo
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[ -z "$username" ] && read -p "Non-admin username [$default_username]: " username
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[ -z "$user_password" ] && read -sp "Non-admin user password [$default_user_password]: " user_password && echo
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[ -z "$timezone" ] && read -p "Timezone [$default_timezone]: " timezone
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[ -z "$locale" ] && read -p "Locale [$default_locale]: " locale
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for var in imgfile \
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architecture \
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disk_size \
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memory \
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hostname \
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root_password \
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username \
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user_password \
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timezone \
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locale
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do
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default_var=default_$var
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[ -z "${!var}" ] && declare ${var}=${!default_var}
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export $var
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done
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source "$srcdir/helpers/install.sh"
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download_latest_arch_iso
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create_disk_image
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install_os
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7
src/helpers/common.sh
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7
src/helpers/common.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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export GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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export RED='\033[0;31m'
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export WHITE='\033[0;37m'
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export NORMAL='\033[0m'
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285
src/helpers/install.sh
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285
src/helpers/install.sh
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function download_latest_arch_iso() {
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latest_iso=$(
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curl -s "$img_download_page" |
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grep -e '<a href="archlinux-.*\.iso">' |
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head -1 |
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sed -r -e 's/^.*<a href="(archlinux-.*\.iso)">.*/\1/'
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)
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if [ ! -f "$latest_iso" ]; then
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echo -e "${GREEN}Downloading the latest Arch Linux ISO image${NORMAL}"
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rm -f archlinux*.iso
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curl -o "${latest_iso}" "${img_download_page}/${latest_iso}"
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ln -sf "$latest_iso" "$isofile"
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else
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echo -e "${GREEN}Latest Arch Linux image already downloaded${NORMAL}"
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fi
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}
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function create_disk_image() {
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# Create a backing COW image
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# qemu-img create -o backing_file="$imgfile",backing_fmt=raw -f qcow2 img1.cow
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if [ ! -f "$imgfile" ]; then
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echo -e "${GREEN}Creating base disk image${NORMAL}"
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qemu-img create -f raw "$imgfile" $disk_size
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else
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echo -e "${RED}The base disk image file $imgfile already exists.${NORMAL}"
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echo -e "${RED}Remove it and re-run this script if you intend to run a new fresh installation.${NORMAL}"
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fi
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}
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function _get_ssh_key_name() {
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keyfiles=$(cat <<EOF
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id_rsa
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id_dsa
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id_ecdsa
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id_ed25519
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id_xmss
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EOF
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)
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while IFS= read -r keyfile; do
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k="$HOME/.ssh/$keyfile"
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if [ -f "$k" ]; then
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echo "$k"
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return
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fi
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done <<< "$keyfiles"
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echo -e "${RED}Can't find a valid SSH key under $HOME/.ssh${NORMAL}"
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exit 1
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}
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function install_os() {
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ssh_keyfile="$(_get_ssh_key_name)"
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ssh_pubkey="$(cat "$ssh_keyfile.pub")"
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ssh_privkey="$(cat "$ssh_keyfile")"
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imgdir="$(cd "$(dirname "$imgfile")" && pwd)"
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logfile="$imgdir/install.log"
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pkgfile="$imgdir/PKGLIST"
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post_install_script="$imgdir/post-install.sh"
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post_install=
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packages=$(cat <<EOF
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sudo
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curl
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wget
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dhcpcd
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net-tools
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netctl
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openssh
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EOF
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)
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if [ -f "$pkgfile" ]; then
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packages="$packages
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$(cat "$pkgfile")"
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fi
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[ -f "$post_install_script" ] && post_install="$(cat "$post_install_script")"
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echo -e "${GREEN}Installing base operating system${NORMAL}"
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echo -e "\tISO image: $isofile"
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echo -e "\tDisk file: $imgfile"
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echo -e "\tLog file: $logfile"
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echo "--- Log started at $(date)" > "$logfile"
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expect <<EOF | tee -a "$logfile"
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set prompt "*@archiso*~*#* "
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set chroot_prompt "*root@archiso* "
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set timeout -1
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spawn qemu-system-$architecture \
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-cdrom "$isofile" \
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-boot d \
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-cpu host \
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-enable-kvm \
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-m $memory \
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-smp 2 \
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-nographic \
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-drive file=$imgfile,format=raw
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match_max 100000
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# Pass the console boot options
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# and wait for the system to boot
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expect "*Arch Linux install*"
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send -- "\t"
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expect "*archisobasedir*"
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send -- " console=ttyS0,38400\r"
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expect "archiso login: "
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send -- "root\r"
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expect \$prompt
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# Partition the disk
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send -- "fdisk /dev/sda\r"
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expect "Command (m for help): "
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send -- "n\r"
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expect "Select (default p): "
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send -- "p\r"
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expect "Partition number (1-4, default 1): "
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send -- "\r"
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expect "First sector*: "
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send -- "\r"
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expect "Last sector*: "
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send -- "\r"
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expect "Command (m for help): "
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send -- "a\r"
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expect "Command (m for help): "
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send -- "w\r"
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expect \$prompt
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# Create and mount the filesystem
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send -- "mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1\r"
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expect \$prompt
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send -- "mount /dev/sda1 /mnt\r"
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expect \$prompt
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# Install the system
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send -- "pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware archlinux-keyring\r"
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expect \$prompt
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# Generate the fstab file
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send -- "genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab\r"
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expect \$prompt
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# chroot to the newly installed system
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send -- "arch-chroot /mnt\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Set the timezone and sync the clock
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send -- "ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$timezone /etc/localtime\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "hwclock --systohc\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Configure localization
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send -- "echo $locale UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.gen\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "locale-gen\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Set the hostname
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send -- "echo $hostname > /etc/hostname\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Generate /etc/hosts
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send -- "echo -e '127.0.0.1 localhost\\n::1 localhost' >> /etc/hosts\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Generate the initpcio
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send -- "mkinitcpio -P\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Update the keyring
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# This may currently currently take a long time
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# see https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/rbjbcr/pacman_keyring_update_taking_too_long/
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send -- "pacman-key --init\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "pacman-key --populate archlinux\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "pacman-key --refresh-keys\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# As a workaround, you can temporarily disable signature check on pacman.conf
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#send -- "cp /etc/pacman.conf /etc/pacman.conf.orig\r"
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#expect \$chroot_prompt
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#send -- "sed -i /etc/pacman.conf -r -e 's/^(SigLevel\\\\s*=\\\\s*).*$/\\\\1 Never/g'\r"
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#expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Install extra packages
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send -- {echo "$packages" | pacman -S --noconfirm -}
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send -- "\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Install syslinux
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send -- "pacman -S --noconfirm syslinux\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "syslinux-install_update -i -a -m\r"
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#expect \$chroot_prompt
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#send -- "dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "sed -i /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg -e '1i SERIAL 0 115200'\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "sed -i /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg -e 's|APPEND root=/dev/sda3|APPEND console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/sda1|g'\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Restore the original pacman.conf
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send -- "mv /etc/pacman.conf.orig /etc/pacman.conf\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Set the root password
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send -- "passwd\r"
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expect "New password: "
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send -- "$root_password\r"
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expect "Retype new password: "
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send -- "$root_password\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Create a non-admin user
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send -- "useradd -d /home/$username -m $username\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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send -- "passwd $username\r"
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expect "New password: "
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send -- "$user_password\r"
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expect "Retype new password: "
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send -- "$user_password\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Enable the dhcpcd service
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send -- "ln -sf /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpcd.service\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
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# Enable and configure the SSH daemon
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send -- "ln -sf /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service\r"
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expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- "cat <<_EOF_ >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
RSAAuthentication yes
|
||||
PubkeyAuthentication yes
|
||||
_EOF_
|
||||
"
|
||||
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
|
||||
# Copy the user SSH key
|
||||
send -- "mkdir -p /home/$username/.ssh\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- {echo "$ssh_pubkey" >> "/home/$username/.ssh/authorized_keys"}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- {echo "$ssh_privkey" > "/home/$username/.ssh/$(basename $ssh_keyfile)"}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- {chmod 0600 "/home/$username/.ssh/$(basename $ssh_keyfile)"}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- {echo "$ssh_pubkey" > "/home/$username/.ssh/$(basename $ssh_keyfile).pub"}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
send -- {chown -R $username "/home/$username/.ssh"}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
|
||||
# Run any post-install scripts
|
||||
send -- {$post_install}
|
||||
send -- "\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
|
||||
# Clear the pacman cache
|
||||
send -- "rm -rf /var/cache/pacman/pkg/*\r"
|
||||
expect \$chroot_prompt
|
||||
|
||||
# Exit and shutdown
|
||||
send -- "exit\r"
|
||||
expect \$prompt
|
||||
send -- "umount /mnt\r"
|
||||
expect \$prompt
|
||||
send -- "shutdown -h now\r"
|
||||
expect eof
|
||||
|
||||
system {echo -e "\n${GREEN}Arch Linux system installed under ${imgfile}${NORMAL}"}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
echo "--- Log closed at $(date)" >> "$logfile"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
31
src/qemu-arch
Executable file
31
src/qemu-arch
Executable file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
|||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
function usage() {
|
||||
actions=$(find "$srcdir/actions" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.sh' | xargs basename | cut -d. -f1)
|
||||
cat <<EOF
|
||||
Usage: $(basename "$0") <action>
|
||||
|
||||
Run $(basename "$0") <action> --help for more details.
|
||||
Available actions:
|
||||
|
||||
$actions
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if [ -L "$0" ]; then
|
||||
export srcdir="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
|
||||
else
|
||||
export srcdir="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
source "$srcdir/helpers/common.sh"
|
||||
action=$1
|
||||
shift
|
||||
|
||||
case "$action" in
|
||||
install) source "$srcdir/actions/install.sh";;
|
||||
*) usage;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue