Fixed some broken docstring references.

- The `inspect` plugin and the Sphinx inspection extensions now use the
  same underlying logic.

- Moved all the common inspection logic under
  `platypush.common.reflection`.

- Faster scanning of the available integrations and components through a
  pool of threads.

- Added `doc_url` parameters.

- Migrated events and responses metadata scanning logic.

- Now expanding some custom Sphinx tag instead of returning errors when
  running outside of the Sphinx context - it includes `:class:`,
  `:meth:` and `.. schema::`.

.drone.yml

@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@ steps:
     - git remote rm origin
     - git remote add origin git@git.platypush.tech:platypush/platypush.git
 
-    # Push to the `stable` branch
+    # Merge and push to the `stable` branch
+    - git checkout stable
+    - git rebase master
     - git push -u origin stable
+    - git checkout master
 
     # Restore the original git configuration
     - mv /tmp/git.config.orig $GIT_CONF

docs/source/_ext/add_dependencies.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import textwrap as tw
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from sphinx.application import Sphinx
 
@@ -13,14 +12,15 @@ base_path = os.path.abspath(
 
 sys.path.insert(0, base_path)
 
-from platypush.utils import get_plugin_name_by_class  # noqa
+from platypush.common.reflection import Integration  # noqa
-from platypush.utils.mock import mock  # noqa
+from platypush.utils import get_plugin_name_by_class, import_file  # noqa
-from platypush.utils.reflection import IntegrationMetadata, import_file  # noqa
+from platypush.utils.mock import auto_mocks  # noqa
+from platypush.utils.mock.modules import mock_imports  # noqa
 
 
 class IntegrationEnricher:
     @staticmethod
-    def add_events(source: list[str], manifest: IntegrationMetadata, idx: int) -> int:
+    def add_events(source: list[str], manifest: Integration, idx: int) -> int:
         if not manifest.events:
             return idx
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
         return idx + 1
 
     @staticmethod
-    def add_actions(source: list[str], manifest: IntegrationMetadata, idx: int) -> int:
+    def add_actions(source: list[str], manifest: Integration, idx: int) -> int:
         if not (manifest.actions and manifest.cls):
             return idx
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
 
     @classmethod
     def add_install_deps(
-        cls, source: list[str], manifest: IntegrationMetadata, idx: int
+        cls, source: list[str], manifest: Integration, idx: int
     ) -> int:
         deps = manifest.deps
         parsed_deps = {
@@ -106,9 +106,7 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
         return idx
 
     @classmethod
-    def add_description(
+    def add_description(cls, source: list[str], manifest: Integration, idx: int) -> int:
-        cls, source: list[str], manifest: IntegrationMetadata, idx: int
-    ) -> int:
         docs = (
             doc
             for doc in (
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
 
     @classmethod
     def add_conf_snippet(
-        cls, source: list[str], manifest: IntegrationMetadata, idx: int
+        cls, source: list[str], manifest: Integration, idx: int
     ) -> int:
         source.insert(
             idx,
@@ -163,8 +161,8 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
         if not os.path.isfile(manifest_file):
             return
 
-        with mock_imports():
+        with auto_mocks():
-            manifest = IntegrationMetadata.from_manifest(manifest_file)
+            manifest = Integration.from_manifest(manifest_file)
             idx = self.add_description(src, manifest, idx=3)
             idx = self.add_conf_snippet(src, manifest, idx=idx)
             idx = self.add_install_deps(src, manifest, idx=idx)
@@ -175,14 +173,6 @@ class IntegrationEnricher:
         source[0] = '\n'.join(src)
 
 
-@contextmanager
-def mock_imports():
-    conf_mod = import_file(os.path.join(base_path, 'docs', 'source', 'conf.py'))
-    mock_mods = getattr(conf_mod, 'autodoc_mock_imports', [])
-    with mock(*mock_mods):
-        yield
-
-
 def setup(app: Sphinx):
     app.connect('source-read', IntegrationEnricher())
     return {

docs/source/conf.py

@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ latex_documents = [
 man_pages = [(master_doc, 'platypush', 'platypush Documentation', [author], 1)]
 
 
-# -- Options for Texinfo output ----------------------------------------------
+# -- Options for TexInfo output ----------------------------------------------
 
-# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# Grouping the document tree into TexInfo files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
@@ -193,126 +193,25 @@ autodoc_default_options = {
     'show-inheritance': True,
 }
 
-autodoc_mock_imports = [
-    'gunicorn',
-    'googlesamples.assistant.grpc.audio_helpers',
-    'google.assistant.embedded',
-    'google.assistant.library',
-    'google.assistant.library.event',
-    'google.assistant.library.file_helpers',
-    'google.oauth2.credentials',
-    'oauth2client',
-    'apiclient',
-    'tenacity',
-    'smartcard',
-    'Leap',
-    'oauth2client',
-    'rtmidi',
-    'bluetooth',
-    'gevent.wsgi',
-    'Adafruit_IO',
-    'pyclip',
-    'pydbus',
-    'inputs',
-    'inotify',
-    'omxplayer',
-    'plexapi',
-    'cwiid',
-    'sounddevice',
-    'soundfile',
-    'numpy',
-    'cv2',
-    'nfc',
-    'ndef',
-    'bcrypt',
-    'google',
-    'feedparser',
-    'kafka',
-    'googlesamples',
-    'icalendar',
-    'httplib2',
-    'mpd',
-    'serial',
-    'pyHS100',
-    'grpc',
-    'envirophat',
-    'gps',
-    'picamera',
-    'pmw3901',
-    'PIL',
-    'croniter',
-    'pyaudio',
-    'avs',
-    'PyOBEX',
-    'PyOBEX.client',
-    'todoist',
-    'trello',
-    'telegram',
-    'telegram.ext',
-    'pyfirmata2',
-    'cups',
-    'graphyte',
-    'cpuinfo',
-    'psutil',
-    'openzwave',
-    'deepspeech',
-    'wave',
-    'pvporcupine ',
-    'pvcheetah',
-    'pyotp',
-    'linode_api4',
-    'pyzbar',
-    'tensorflow',
-    'keras',
-    'pandas',
-    'samsungtvws',
-    'paramiko',
-    'luma',
-    'zeroconf',
-    'dbus',
-    'gi',
-    'gi.repository',
-    'twilio',
-    'Adafruit_Python_DHT',
-    'RPi.GPIO',
-    'RPLCD',
-    'imapclient',
-    'pysmartthings',
-    'aiohttp',
-    'watchdog',
-    'pyngrok',
-    'irc',
-    'irc.bot',
-    'irc.strings',
-    'irc.client',
-    'irc.connection',
-    'irc.events',
-    'defusedxml',
-    'nio',
-    'aiofiles',
-    'aiofiles.os',
-    'async_lru',
-    'bleak',
-    'bluetooth_numbers',
-    'TheengsDecoder',
-    'simple_websocket',
-    'uvicorn',
-    'websockets',
-    'docutils',
-    'aioxmpp',
-]
-
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../..'))
 
+from platypush.utils.mock.modules import mock_imports  # noqa
 
-def skip(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+autodoc_mock_imports = [*mock_imports]
+
+
+# _ = app
+# __ = what
+# ___ = obj
+# ____ = options
+def _skip(_, __, name, ___, skip, ____):
     if name == "__init__":
         return False
     return skip
 
 
 def setup(app):
-    app.connect("autodoc-skip-member", skip)
+    app.connect("autodoc-skip-member", _skip)
 
 
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:

generate_missing_docs.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
+import importlib
+import inspect
 import os
+import sys
 from typing import Iterable, Optional
 
+import pkgutil
+
 from platypush.backend import Backend
-from platypush.context import get_plugin
+from platypush.message.event import Event
+from platypush.message.response import Response
 from platypush.plugins import Plugin
 from platypush.utils.manifest import Manifests
 
 
-def _get_inspect_plugin():
-    p = get_plugin('inspect')
-    assert p, 'Could not load the `inspect` plugin'
-    return p
-
-
 def get_all_plugins():
     return sorted([mf.component_name for mf in Manifests.by_base_class(Plugin)])
 
@@ -22,11 +22,35 @@ def get_all_backends():
 
 
 def get_all_events():
-    return _get_inspect_plugin().get_all_events().output
+    return _get_modules(Event)
 
 
 def get_all_responses():
-    return _get_inspect_plugin().get_all_responses().output
+    return _get_modules(Response)
+
+
+def _get_modules(base_type: type):
+    ret = set()
+    base_dir = os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(base_type))
+    package = base_type.__module__
+
+    for _, mod_name, _ in pkgutil.walk_packages([base_dir], prefix=package + '.'):
+        try:
+            module = importlib.import_module(mod_name)
+        except Exception:
+            print('Could not import module', mod_name, file=sys.stderr)
+            continue
+
+        for _, obj_type in inspect.getmembers(module):
+            if (
+                inspect.isclass(obj_type)
+                and issubclass(obj_type, base_type)
+                # Exclude the base_type itself
+                and obj_type != base_type
+            ):
+                ret.add(obj_type.__module__.replace(package + '.', '', 1))
+
+    return list(ret)
 
 
 def _generate_components_doc(
@@ -122,7 +146,7 @@ def generate_events_doc():
     _generate_components_doc(
         index_name='events',
         package_name='message.event',
-        components=sorted(event for event in get_all_events().keys() if event),
+        components=sorted(event for event in get_all_events() if event),
     )
 
 
@@ -130,9 +154,7 @@ def generate_responses_doc():
     _generate_components_doc(
         index_name='responses',
         package_name='message.response',
-        components=sorted(
+        components=sorted(response for response in get_all_responses() if response),
-            response for response in get_all_responses().keys() if response
-        ),
     )
 
 

platypush/app/_app.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class Application:
         config_file: Optional[str] = None,
         workdir: Optional[str] = None,
         logsdir: Optional[str] = None,
+        cachedir: Optional[str] = None,
         device_id: Optional[str] = None,
         pidfile: Optional[str] = None,
         requests_to_process: Optional[int] = None,
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ class Application:
             ``filename`` setting under the ``logging`` section of the
             configuration file is used. If not set, logging will be sent to
             stdout and stderr.
+        :param cachedir: Overrides the ``cachedir`` setting in the configuration
+            file (default: None).
         :param device_id: Override the device ID used to identify this
             instance. If not passed here, it is inferred from the configuration
             (device_id field). If not present there either, it is inferred from
@@ -106,6 +109,9 @@ class Application:
             self.config_file,
             device_id=device_id,
             workdir=os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(workdir)) if workdir else None,
+            cachedir=os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(cachedir))
+            if cachedir
+            else None,
             ctrl_sock=os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(ctrl_sock))
             if ctrl_sock
             else None,
@@ -206,6 +212,7 @@ class Application:
         return cls(
             config_file=opts.config,
             workdir=opts.workdir,
+            cachedir=opts.cachedir,
             logsdir=opts.logsdir,
             device_id=opts.device_id,
             pidfile=opts.pidfile,

platypush/backend/google/fit/__init__.py

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ class GoogleFitBackend(Backend):
         """
         :param data_sources: Google Fit data source IDs to monitor. You can
             get a list of the available data sources through the
-            :meth:`platypush.plugins.google.fit.get_data_sources` action
+            :meth:`platypush.plugins.google.fit.GoogleFitPlugin.get_data_sources`
+            action
         :type data_sources: list[str]
 
         :param user_id: Google user ID to track (default: 'me')

platypush/backend/midi/__init__.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class MidiBackend(Backend):
         """
         :param device_name: Name of the MIDI device.  *N.B.* either
             `device_name` or `port_number` must be set.
-            Use :meth:`platypush.plugins.midi.query_ports` to get the
+            Use :meth:`platypush.plugins.midi.MidiPlugin.query_ports` to get the
             available ports indices and names
         :type device_name: str
 

platypush/cli.py

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ def parse_cmdline(args: Sequence[str]) -> argparse.Namespace:
         help='Custom working directory to be used for the application',
     )
 
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--cachedir',
+        dest='cachedir',
+        required=False,
+        default=None,
+        help='Custom cache directory',
+    )
+
     parser.add_argument(
         '--device-id',
         '-d',

platypush/common/db.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 from sqlalchemy import __version__
 
 sa_version = tuple(map(int, __version__.split('.')))
@@ -8,3 +11,38 @@ else:
     from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 
 Base = declarative_base()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DbContext:
+    """
+    Context flags for the database session.
+    """
+
+    override_definitions: bool = False
+
+
+_ctx = DbContext()
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def override_definitions():
+    """
+    Temporarily override the definitions of the entities in the entities
+    registry.
+
+    This is useful when the entities are being imported off-context, like
+    e.g. in the `inspect` or `alembic` modules.
+    """
+    _ctx.override_definitions = True
+    yield
+    _ctx.override_definitions = False
+
+
+def is_defined(table_name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the given entity class is defined in the entities registry.
+
+    :param table_name: Name of the table associated to the entity class.
+    """
+    return not _ctx.override_definitions and table_name in Base.metadata

platypush/common/reflection/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from ._model import Integration, Message
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Integration",
+    "Message",
+]

platypush/common/reflection/_model/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from .action import Action
+from .argument import Argument
+from .constructor import Constructor
+from .integration import Integration
+from .message import Message
+from .returns import ReturnValue
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Action",
+    "Argument",
+    "Constructor",
+    "Integration",
+    "Message",
+    "ReturnValue",
+]

platypush/common/reflection/_model/action.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from .._parser import DocstringParser
+
+
+class Action(DocstringParser):
+    """
+    Represents an integration action.
+    """

platypush/common/reflection/_model/argument.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .._serialize import Serializable
+from .._utils import type_str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Argument(Serializable):
+    """
+    Represents an integration constructor/action parameter.
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    required: bool = False
+    doc: Optional[str] = None
+    type: Optional[Type] = None
+    default: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "required": self.required,
+            "doc": self.doc,
+            "type": type_str(self.type),
+            "default": self.default,
+        }

platypush/common/reflection/_model/component.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Dict, Type
+
+from .argument import Argument
+
+
+class Component(ABC):
+    """
+    Abstract interface for all the application components exposed through the
+    `inspect` plugin.
+
+    It includes integrations (plugins and backends) and messages (events and
+    responses).
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _merge_params(params: Dict[str, Argument], new_params: Dict[str, Argument]):
+        """
+        Utility function to merge a new mapping of parameters into an existing one.
+        """
+        for param_name, param in new_params.items():
+            # Set the parameter if it doesn't exist
+            if param_name not in params:
+                params[param_name] = param
+
+            # Set the parameter documentation if it's not set
+            if param.doc and not params[param_name].doc:
+                params[param_name].doc = param.doc
+
+            # If the new parameter has required=False,
+            # then that should also be the value for the current ones
+            if param.required is False:
+                params[param_name].required = False
+
+            # If the new parameter has a default value, and the current
+            # one doesn't, then the default value should be set as the new one.
+            if param.default is not None and params[param_name].default is None:
+                params[param_name].default = param.default
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def by_name(cls, name: str) -> "Component":
+        """
+        :param name: Component type name.
+        :return: A parsed component class given its name/type name.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def by_type(cls, type: Type) -> "Component":
+        """
+        :param type: Component type.
+        :return: A parsed component class given its type.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def cls(self) -> Type:
+        """
+        :return: The class of a component.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def doc_url(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: The URL of the documentation of the component.
+        """

platypush/common/reflection/_model/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+doc_base_url = 'https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush'

platypush/common/reflection/_model/constructor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing import Union, Type, Callable
+
+from .._parser import DocstringParser
+
+
+class Constructor(DocstringParser):
+    """
+    Represents an integration constructor.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, obj: Union[Type, Callable]) -> "Constructor":
+        """
+        Parse the parameters of a class constructor or action method.
+
+        :param obj: Base type of the object.
+        :return: The parsed parameters.
+        """
+        init = getattr(obj, "__init__", None)
+        if init and callable(init):
+            return super().parse(init)
+
+        return super().parse(obj)

platypush/common/reflection/_model/integration.py

@@ -4,49 +4,25 @@ import os
 import re
 import textwrap as tw
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
+from typing import Type, Optional, Dict, Set
-from importlib.util import spec_from_loader, module_from_spec
-from typing import Optional, Type, Union, Callable, Dict, Set
 
 from platypush.utils import (
     get_backend_class_by_name,
-    get_backend_name_by_class,
     get_plugin_class_by_name,
     get_plugin_name_by_class,
+    get_backend_name_by_class,
     get_decorators,
 )
 from platypush.utils.manifest import Manifest, ManifestType, Dependencies
-from platypush.utils.reflection._parser import DocstringParser, Parameter
 
-
+from .._serialize import Serializable
-class Action(DocstringParser):
+from . import Constructor, Action
-    """
+from .component import Component
-    Represents an integration action.
+from .constants import doc_base_url
-    """
-
-
-class Constructor(DocstringParser):
-    """
-    Represents an integration constructor.
-    """
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, obj: Union[Type, Callable]) -> "Constructor":
-        """
-        Parse the parameters of a class constructor or action method.
-
-        :param obj: Base type of the object.
-        :return: The parsed parameters.
-        """
-        init = getattr(obj, "__init__", None)
-        if init and callable(init):
-            return super().parse(init)
-
-        return super().parse(obj)
 
 
 @dataclass
-class IntegrationMetadata:
+class Integration(Component, Serializable):
     """
     Represents the metadata of an integration (plugin or backend).
     """
@@ -62,32 +38,44 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
     _skip_manifest: bool = False
 
     def __post_init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the manifest object.
+        """
         if not self._skip_manifest:
             self._init_manifest()
 
-    @staticmethod
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
-    def _merge_params(params: Dict[str, Parameter], new_params: Dict[str, Parameter]):
+        return {
-        """
+            "name": self.name,
-        Utility function to merge a new mapping of parameters into an existing one.
+            "type": f"{self.type.__module__}.{self.type.__qualname__}",
-        """
+            "doc": self.doc,
-        for param_name, param in new_params.items():
+            "doc_url": self.doc_url,
-            # Set the parameter if it doesn't exist
+            "args": {
-            if param_name not in params:
+                **(
-                params[param_name] = param
+                    {name: arg.to_dict() for name, arg in self.constructor.args.items()}
-
+                    if self.constructor
-            # Set the parameter documentation if it's not set
+                    else {}
-            if param.doc and not params[param_name].doc:
+                ),
-                params[param_name].doc = param.doc
+            },
-
+            "actions": {
-            # If the new parameter has required=False,
+                k: {
-            # then that should also be the value for the current ones
+                    "doc_url": f"{self.doc_url}#{self.cls.__module__}.{self.cls.__qualname__}.{k}",
-            if param.required is False:
+                    **v.to_dict(),
-                params[param_name].required = False
+                }
-
+                for k, v in self.actions.items()
-            # If the new parameter has a default value, and the current
+                if self.cls
-            # one doesn't, then the default value should be set as the new one.
+            },
-            if param.default is not None and params[param_name].default is None:
+            "events": {
-                params[param_name].default = param.default
+                f"{e.__module__}.{e.__qualname__}": {
+                    "doc": inspect.getdoc(e),
+                    "doc_url": f"{doc_base_url}/events/"
+                    + ".".join(e.__module__.split(".")[3:])
+                    + f".html#{e.__module__}.{e.__qualname__}",
+                }
+                for e in self.events
+            },
+            "deps": self.deps.to_dict(),
+        }
 
     @classmethod
     def _merge_actions(cls, actions: Dict[str, Action], new_actions: Dict[str, Action]):
@@ -104,7 +92,7 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
                 actions[action_name].doc = action.doc
 
             # Merge the parameters
-            cls._merge_params(actions[action_name].params, action.params)
+            cls._merge_params(actions[action_name].args, action.args)
 
     @classmethod
     def _merge_events(cls, events: Set[Type], new_events: Set[Type]):
@@ -114,7 +102,7 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
         events.update(new_events)
 
     @classmethod
-    def by_name(cls, name: str) -> "IntegrationMetadata":
+    def by_name(cls, name: str) -> "Integration":
         """
         :param name: Integration name.
         :return: A parsed Integration class given its type.
@@ -127,7 +115,7 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
         return cls.by_type(type)
 
     @classmethod
-    def by_type(cls, type: Type, _skip_manifest: bool = False) -> "IntegrationMetadata":
+    def by_type(cls, type: Type, _skip_manifest: bool = False) -> "Integration":
         """
         :param type: Integration type (plugin or backend).
         :param _skip_manifest: Whether we should skip parsing the manifest file for this integration
@@ -167,7 +155,7 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
                 p_obj = cls.by_type(p_type, _skip_manifest=True)
                 # Merge constructor parameters
                 if obj.constructor and p_obj.constructor:
-                    cls._merge_params(obj.constructor.params, p_obj.constructor.params)
+                    cls._merge_params(obj.constructor.args, p_obj.constructor.args)
 
                 # Merge actions
                 cls._merge_actions(obj.actions, p_obj.actions)
@@ -194,8 +182,25 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
 
         return getter(".".join(self.manifest.package.split(".")[2:]))
 
+    @property
+    def base_type(self) -> Type:
+        """
+        :return: The base type of this integration, either :class:`platypush.backend.Backend` or
+            :class:`platypush.plugins.Plugin`.
+        """
+        from platypush.backend import Backend
+        from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+
+        assert self.cls, f'No class found for integration {self.name}'
+        if issubclass(self.cls, Plugin):
+            return Plugin
+        if issubclass(self.cls, Backend):
+            return Backend
+
+        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown base type for {self.cls}")
+
     @classmethod
-    def from_manifest(cls, manifest_file: str) -> "IntegrationMetadata":
+    def from_manifest(cls, manifest_file: str) -> "Integration":
         """
         Create an `IntegrationMetadata` object from a manifest file.
 
@@ -302,27 +307,26 @@ class IntegrationMetadata:
                         else ""
                     )
                     + "\n"
-                    for name, param in self.constructor.params.items()
+                    for name, param in self.constructor.args.items()
                 )
-                if self.constructor and self.constructor.params
+                if self.constructor and self.constructor.args
                 else "    # No configuration required\n"
             )
         )
 
+    @property
+    def doc_url(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: URL of the documentation for the integration.
+        """
+        from platypush.backend import Backend
+        from platypush.plugins import Plugin
 
-def import_file(path: str, name: Optional[str] = None):
+        if issubclass(self.type, Plugin):
-    """
+            section = 'plugins'
-    Import a Python file as a module, even if no __init__.py is
+        elif issubclass(self.type, Backend):
-    defined in the directory.
+            section = 'backend'
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError(f'Unknown integration type {self.type}')
 
-    :param path: Path of the file to import.
+        return f"{doc_base_url}/{section}/{self.name}.html"
-    :param name: Custom name for the imported module (default: same as the file's basename).
-    :return: The imported module.
-    """
-    name = name or re.split(r"\.py$", os.path.basename(path))[0]
-    loader = SourceFileLoader(name, os.path.expanduser(path))
-    mod_spec = spec_from_loader(name, loader)
-    assert mod_spec, f"Cannot create module specification for {path}"
-    mod = module_from_spec(mod_spec)
-    loader.exec_module(mod)
-    return mod

platypush/common/reflection/_model/message.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import contextlib
+import importlib
+import inspect
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Type, Optional
+
+from .._serialize import Serializable
+from . import Constructor
+from .component import Component
+from .constants import doc_base_url
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Message(Component, Serializable):
+    """
+    Represents the metadata of a message type (event or response).
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    type: Type
+    doc: Optional[str] = None
+    constructor: Optional[Constructor] = None
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "type": f"{self.type.__module__}.{self.type.__qualname__}",
+            "doc": self.doc,
+            "doc_url": self.doc_url,
+            "args": {
+                **(
+                    {name: arg.to_dict() for name, arg in self.constructor.args.items()}
+                    if self.constructor
+                    else {}
+                ),
+            },
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def by_name(cls, name: str) -> "Message":
+        """
+        :param name: Message type name.
+        :return: A parsed message class given its type.
+        """
+        return cls.by_type(cls._get_cls(name))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def by_type(cls, type: Type) -> "Message":
+        """
+        :param type: Message type.
+        :return: A parsed message class given its type.
+        """
+        from platypush.message import Message as MessageClass
+
+        assert issubclass(type, MessageClass), f"Expected a Message class, got {type}"
+        obj = cls(
+            name=f'{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}',
+            type=type,
+            doc=inspect.getdoc(type),
+            constructor=Constructor.parse(type),
+        )
+
+        for p_type in inspect.getmro(type)[1:]:
+            # Don't go upper in the hierarchy.
+            if p_type == type:
+                break
+
+            with contextlib.suppress(AssertionError):
+                p_obj = cls.by_type(p_type)
+                # Merge constructor parameters
+                if obj.constructor and p_obj.constructor:
+                    cls._merge_params(obj.constructor.args, p_obj.constructor.args)
+
+        return obj
+
+    @property
+    def cls(self) -> Type:
+        """
+        :return: The class of a message.
+        """
+        return self._get_cls(self.name)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_cls(name: str) -> Type:
+        """
+        :param name: Full qualified type name, module included.
+        :return: The associated class.
+        """
+        tokens = name.split(".")
+        module = importlib.import_module(".".join(tokens[:-1]))
+        return getattr(module, tokens[-1])
+
+    @property
+    def doc_url(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: URL of the documentation for the message.
+        """
+        from platypush.message.event import Event
+        from platypush.message.response import Response
+
+        if issubclass(self.type, Event):
+            section = 'events'
+        elif issubclass(self.type, Response):
+            section = 'responses'
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError(f'Unknown message type {self.type}')
+
+        mod_name = '.'.join(self.name.split('.')[3:-1])
+        return f"{doc_base_url}/{section}/{mod_name}.html#{self.name}"

platypush/common/reflection/_model/returns.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .._serialize import Serializable
+from .._utils import type_str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReturnValue(Serializable):
+    """
+    Represents the return value of an action.
+    """
+
+    doc: Optional[str] = None
+    type: Optional[Type] = None
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "doc": self.doc,
+            "type": type_str(self.type),
+        }

platypush/common/reflection/_parser/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from .docstring import DocstringParser
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DocstringParser",
+]

platypush/common/reflection/_parser/context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import inspect
+import textwrap as tw
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    get_type_hints,
+)
+
+from .._model.argument import Argument
+from .._model.returns import ReturnValue
+from .state import ParseState
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ParseContext:
+    """
+    Runtime parsing context.
+    """
+
+    obj: Callable
+    state: ParseState = ParseState.DOC
+    cur_param: Optional[str] = None
+    doc: Optional[str] = None
+    returns: ReturnValue = field(default_factory=ReturnValue)
+    parsed_params: dict[str, Argument] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the return type and parameters from the function annotations.
+        """
+
+        # Initialize the return type from the annotations
+        annotations = getattr(self.obj, "__annotations__", {})
+        if annotations:
+            self.returns.type = annotations.get("return")
+
+        # Initialize the parameters from the signature
+        spec = inspect.getfullargspec(self.obj)
+        defaults = spec.defaults or ()
+        defaults = defaults + ((Any,) * (len(self.param_names) - len(defaults or ())))
+        self.parsed_params = {
+            name: Argument(
+                name=name,
+                type=self.param_types.get(name),
+                default=default if default is not Any else None,
+                required=default is Any,
+            )
+            for name, default in zip(self.param_names, defaults)
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def spec(self) -> inspect.FullArgSpec:
+        return inspect.getfullargspec(self.obj)
+
+    @property
+    def param_names(self) -> List[str]:
+        return list(self.spec.args[1:])
+
+    @property
+    def param_defaults(self) -> Tuple[Any]:
+        defaults = self.spec.defaults or ()
+        return ((Any,) * (len(self.spec.args[1:]) - len(defaults))) + defaults
+
+    @property
+    def param_types(self) -> dict[str, Type]:
+        return get_type_hints(self.obj)
+
+    @property
+    def doc_lines(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return tw.dedent(inspect.getdoc(self.obj) or "").split("\n")

platypush/common/reflection/_parser/docstring.py

@@ -1,97 +1,17 @@
-import inspect
 import re
 import textwrap as tw
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Generator, Optional
-from enum import IntEnum
+
-from typing import (
+from .._model.argument import Argument
-    Any,
+from .._model.returns import ReturnValue
-    Optional,
+from .._serialize import Serializable
-    Iterable,
+from .context import ParseContext
-    Type,
+from .rst import RstExtensionsMixin
-    get_type_hints,
+from .state import ParseState
-    Callable,
-    Tuple,
-    Generator,
-    Dict,
-)
 
 
-@dataclass
+class DocstringParser(Serializable, RstExtensionsMixin):
-class ReturnValue:
-    """
-    Represents the return value of an action.
-    """
-
-    doc: Optional[str] = None
-    type: Optional[Type] = None
-
-
-@dataclass
-class Parameter:
-    """
-    Represents an integration constructor/action parameter.
-    """
-
-    name: str
-    required: bool = False
-    doc: Optional[str] = None
-    type: Optional[Type] = None
-    default: Optional[str] = None
-
-
-class ParseState(IntEnum):
-    """
-    Parse state.
-    """
-
-    DOC = 0
-    PARAM = 1
-    TYPE = 2
-    RETURN = 3
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ParseContext:
-    """
-    Runtime parsing context.
-    """
-
-    obj: Callable
-    state: ParseState = ParseState.DOC
-    cur_param: Optional[str] = None
-    doc: Optional[str] = None
-    returns: ReturnValue = field(default_factory=ReturnValue)
-    parsed_params: dict[str, Parameter] = field(default_factory=dict)
-
-    def __post_init__(self):
-        annotations = getattr(self.obj, "__annotations__", {})
-        if annotations:
-            self.returns.type = annotations.get("return")
-
-    @property
-    def spec(self) -> inspect.FullArgSpec:
-        return inspect.getfullargspec(self.obj)
-
-    @property
-    def param_names(self) -> Iterable[str]:
-        return self.spec.args[1:]
-
-    @property
-    def param_defaults(self) -> Tuple[Any]:
-        defaults = self.spec.defaults or ()
-        return ((Any,) * (len(self.spec.args[1:]) - len(defaults))) + defaults
-
-    @property
-    def param_types(self) -> dict[str, Type]:
-        return get_type_hints(self.obj)
-
-    @property
-    def doc_lines(self) -> Iterable[str]:
-        return tw.dedent(inspect.getdoc(self.obj) or "").split("\n")
-
-
-class DocstringParser:
     """
     Mixin for objects that can parse docstrings.
     """
@@ -105,14 +25,42 @@ class DocstringParser:
         self,
         name: str,
         doc: Optional[str] = None,
-        params: Optional[Dict[str, Parameter]] = None,
+        args: Optional[Dict[str, Argument]] = None,
+        has_varargs: bool = False,
+        has_kwargs: bool = False,
         returns: Optional[ReturnValue] = None,
     ):
         self.name = name
         self.doc = doc
-        self.params = params or {}
+        self.args = args or {}
+        self.has_varargs = has_varargs
+        self.has_kwargs = has_kwargs
         self.returns = returns
 
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "doc": self.doc,
+            "args": {k: v.to_dict() for k, v in self.args.items()},
+            "has_varargs": self.has_varargs,
+            "has_kwargs": self.has_kwargs,
+            "returns": self.returns.to_dict() if self.returns else None,
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _norm_indent(text: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Normalize the indentation of a docstring.
+
+        :param text: Input docstring
+        :return: A representation of the docstring where all the leading spaces have been removed.
+        """
+        if not text:
+            return None
+
+        lines = text.split("\n")
+        return (lines[0] + "\n" + tw.dedent("\n".join(lines[1:]) or "")).strip()
+
     @classmethod
     @contextmanager
     def _parser(cls, obj: Callable) -> Generator[ParseContext, None, None]:
@@ -123,28 +71,15 @@ class DocstringParser:
         :return: The parsing context.
         """
 
-        def norm_indent(text: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
-            """
-            Normalize the indentation of a docstring.
-
-            :param text: Input docstring
-            :return: A representation of the docstring where all the leading spaces have been removed.
-            """
-            if not text:
-                return None
-
-            lines = text.split("\n")
-            return (lines[0] + "\n" + tw.dedent("\n".join(lines[1:]) or "")).strip()
-
         ctx = ParseContext(obj)
         yield ctx
 
         # Normalize the parameters docstring indentation
         for param in ctx.parsed_params.values():
-            param.doc = norm_indent(param.doc)
+            param.doc = cls._norm_indent(param.doc)
 
         # Normalize the return docstring indentation
-        ctx.returns.doc = norm_indent(ctx.returns.doc)
+        ctx.returns.doc = cls._norm_indent(ctx.returns.doc)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _is_continuation_line(line: str) -> bool:
@@ -169,6 +104,9 @@ class DocstringParser:
         if cls._default_docstring.match(line):
             return
 
+        # Expand any custom RST extensions
+        line = cls._expand_rst_extensions(line, ctx)
+
         # Update the return type docstring if required
         m = cls._return_doc_re.match(line)
         if m or (ctx.state == ParseState.RETURN and cls._is_continuation_line(line)):
@@ -178,28 +116,17 @@ class DocstringParser:
             ).rstrip()
             return
 
-        # Create a new parameter entry if the docstring says so
+        # Initialize the documentation of a parameter on :param: docstring lines
         m = cls._param_doc_re.match(line)
-        if m:
+        if m and ctx.parsed_params.get(m.group("name")):
             ctx.state = ParseState.PARAM
-            idx = len(ctx.parsed_params)
             ctx.cur_param = m.group("name")
 
             # Skip vararg/var keyword parameters
             if ctx.cur_param in {ctx.spec.varkw, ctx.spec.varargs}:
                 return
 
-            ctx.parsed_params[ctx.cur_param] = Parameter(
+            ctx.parsed_params[ctx.cur_param].doc = m.group("doc")
-                name=ctx.cur_param,
-                required=(
-                    idx >= len(ctx.param_defaults) or ctx.param_defaults[idx] is Any
-                ),
-                doc=m.group("doc"),
-                type=ctx.param_types.get(ctx.cur_param),
-                default=ctx.param_defaults[idx]
-                if idx < len(ctx.param_defaults) and ctx.param_defaults[idx] is not Any
-                else None,
-            )
             return
 
         # Update the current parameter docstring if required
@@ -236,6 +163,8 @@ class DocstringParser:
         return cls(
             name=obj.__name__,
             doc=ctx.doc,
-            params=ctx.parsed_params,
+            args=ctx.parsed_params,
+            has_varargs=ctx.spec.varargs is not None,
+            has_kwargs=ctx.spec.varkw is not None,
             returns=ctx.returns,
         )

platypush/common/reflection/_parser/rst.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import importlib
+import logging
+import re
+import textwrap as tw
+
+from .._model.constants import doc_base_url
+from .context import ParseContext
+
+
+# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
+class RstExtensionsMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class for handling non-standard reStructuredText extensions.
+    """
+
+    _rst_extensions = {
+        name: re.compile(regex)
+        for name, regex in {
+            "class": "(:class:`(?P<name>[^`]+)`)",
+            "method": "(:meth:`(?P<name>[^`]+)`)",
+            "function": "(:func:`(?P<name>[^`]+)`)",
+            "schema": r"^((?P<indent>\s*)(?P<before>.*)"
+            r"(\.\. schema:: (?P<name>[\w.]+)\s*"
+            r"(\((?P<args>.+?)\))?)(?P<after>.*))$",
+        }.items()
+    }
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _expand_rst_extensions(cls, docstr: str, ctx: ParseContext) -> str:
+        """
+        Expand the known reStructuredText extensions in a docstring.
+        """
+        for ex_name, regex in cls._rst_extensions.items():
+            match = regex.search(docstr)
+            if not match:
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                docstr = (
+                    cls._expand_schema(docstr, match)
+                    if ex_name == "schema"
+                    else cls._expand_module(docstr, ex_name, match, ctx)
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                cls.logger.warning(
+                    "Could not import module %s: %s", match.group("name"), e
+                )
+                continue
+
+        return docstr
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _expand_schema(cls, docstr: str, match: re.Match) -> str:
+        from marshmallow import missing
+        from marshmallow.validate import OneOf
+
+        value = match.group("name")
+        mod = importlib.import_module(
+            "platypush.schemas." + ".".join(value.split(".")[:-1])
+        )
+        obj_cls = getattr(mod, value.split(".")[-1])
+        schema_args = (
+            eval(f'dict({match.group("args")})') if match.group("args") else {}
+        )
+        obj = obj_cls(**schema_args)
+
+        schema_doc = tw.indent(
+            ".. code-block:: python\n\n"
+            + tw.indent(
+                ("[" if obj.many else "")
+                + "{\n"
+                + tw.indent(
+                    "\n".join(
+                        (
+                            (
+                                "# " + field.metadata["description"] + "\n"
+                                if field.metadata.get("description")
+                                else ""
+                            )
+                            + (
+                                "# Possible values: "
+                                + str(field.validate.choices)
+                                + "\n"
+                                if isinstance(field.validate, OneOf)
+                                else ""
+                            )
+                            + f'"{field_name}": '
+                            + (
+                                (
+                                    '"'
+                                    + field.metadata.get("example", field.default)
+                                    + '"'
+                                    if isinstance(
+                                        field.metadata.get("example", field.default),
+                                        str,
+                                    )
+                                    else str(
+                                        field.metadata.get("example", field.default)
+                                    )
+                                )
+                                if not (
+                                    field.metadata.get("example") is None
+                                    and field.default is missing
+                                )
+                                else "..."
+                            )
+                        )
+                        for field_name, field in obj.fields.items()
+                    ),
+                    prefix="  ",
+                )
+                + "\n}"
+                + ("]" if obj.many else ""),
+                prefix="  ",
+            ),
+            prefix=match.group("indent") + "  ",
+        )
+
+        docstr = docstr.replace(
+            match.group(0),
+            match.group("before") + "\n\n" + schema_doc + "\n\n" + match.group("after"),
+        )
+
+        return docstr
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _expand_module(
+        cls, docstr: str, ex_name: str, match: re.Match, ctx: ParseContext
+    ) -> str:
+        value = match.group("name")
+        if value.startswith("."):
+            modname = ctx.obj.__module__  # noqa
+            obj_name = ctx.obj.__qualname__
+        elif ex_name == "method":
+            modname = ".".join(value.split(".")[:-2])
+            obj_name = ".".join(value.split(".")[-2:])
+        else:
+            modname = ".".join(value.split(".")[:-1])
+            obj_name = value.split(".")[-1]
+
+        url_path = None
+
+        if modname.startswith("platypush.plugins"):
+            url_path = "plugins/" + ".".join(modname.split(".")[2:])
+        elif modname.startswith("platypush.backend"):
+            url_path = "backends/" + ".".join(modname.split(".")[2:])
+        elif modname.startswith("platypush.message.event"):
+            url_path = "events/" + ".".join(modname.split(".")[3:])
+        elif modname.startswith("platypush.message.response"):
+            url_path = "responses/" + ".".join(modname.split(".")[3:])
+
+        if url_path:
+            docstr = docstr.replace(
+                match.group(0),
+                f"`{obj_name} <{doc_base_url}/{url_path}.html#{modname}.{obj_name}>`_",
+            )
+        else:
+            docstr = docstr.replace(match.group(0), f"``{value}``")
+
+        return docstr

platypush/common/reflection/_parser/state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+
+class ParseState(IntEnum):
+    """
+    Parse state.
+    """
+
+    DOC = 0
+    PARAM = 1
+    TYPE = 2
+    RETURN = 3

platypush/common/reflection/_serialize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+
+class Serializable(ABC):
+    """
+    Base class for reflection entities that can be serialized to JSON/YAML.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        Serialize the entity to a string.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()

platypush/common/reflection/_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import re
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+
+def type_str(t: Optional[Type]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    :return: A human-readable representation of a type.
+    """
+    if not t:
+        return None
+
+    return re.sub(r"<class '(.*)'>", r'\1', str(t).replace('typing.', ''))

platypush/config/__init__.py

@@ -56,17 +56,48 @@ class Config:
         'now': datetime.datetime.now,
     }
 
+    # Default working directory:
+    #  - $XDG_DATA_HOME/platypush if XDG_DATA_HOME is set
+    #  - /var/lib/platypush if the user is root
+    #  - $HOME/.local/share/platypush otherwise
     _workdir_location = os.path.join(
         *(
-            (os.environ['XDG_DATA_HOME'], 'platypush')
+            (os.environ['XDG_DATA_HOME'],)
             if os.environ.get('XDG_DATA_HOME')
-            else (os.path.expanduser('~'), '.local', 'share', 'platypush')
+            else (
-        )
+                (os.sep, 'var', 'lib')
+                if os.geteuid() == 0
+                else (os.path.expanduser('~'), '.local', 'share')
+            )
+        ),
+        'platypush',
+    )
+
+    # Default cache directory:
+    #  - $XDG_CACHE_DIR/platypush if XDG_CACHE_DIR is set
+    #  - /var/cache/platypush if the user is root
+    #  - $HOME/.cache/platypush otherwise
+    _cachedir_location = os.path.join(
+        *(
+            (os.environ['XDG_CACHE_DIR'],)
+            if os.environ.get('XDG_CACHE_DIR')
+            else (
+                (os.sep, 'var', 'cache')
+                if os.geteuid() == 0
+                else (os.path.expanduser('~'), '.cache')
+            )
+        ),
+        'platypush',
     )
 
     _included_files: Set[str] = set()
 
-    def __init__(self, cfgfile: Optional[str] = None, workdir: Optional[str] = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cfgfile: Optional[str] = None,
+        workdir: Optional[str] = None,
+        cachedir: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
         """
         Constructor. Always use the class as a singleton (i.e. through
         Config.init), you won't probably need to call the constructor directly
@@ -74,6 +105,7 @@ class Config:
         :param cfgfile: Config file path (default: retrieve the first available
             location in _cfgfile_locations).
         :param workdir: Overrides the default working directory.
+        :param cachedir: Overrides the default cache directory.
         """
 
         self.backends = {}
@@ -91,7 +123,7 @@ class Config:
         self._config = self._read_config_file(self.config_file)
 
         self._init_secrets()
-        self._init_dirs(workdir=workdir)
+        self._init_dirs(workdir=workdir, cachedir=cachedir)
         self._init_db()
         self._init_logging()
         self._init_device_id()
@@ -168,29 +200,32 @@ class Config:
             for k, v in self._config['environment'].items():
                 os.environ[k] = str(v)
 
-    def _init_dirs(self, workdir: Optional[str] = None):
+    def _init_workdir(self, workdir: Optional[str] = None):
         if workdir:
             self._config['workdir'] = workdir
         if not self._config.get('workdir'):
             self._config['workdir'] = self._workdir_location
 
-        self._config['workdir'] = os.path.expanduser(
+        self._config['workdir'] = os.path.expanduser(self._config['workdir'])
-            os.path.expanduser(self._config['workdir'])
-        )
         pathlib.Path(self._config['workdir']).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
+    def _init_cachedir(self, cachedir: Optional[str] = None):
+        if cachedir:
+            self._config['cachedir'] = cachedir
+        if not self._config.get('cachedir'):
+            self._config['cachedir'] = self._cachedir_location
+
+        self._config['cachedir'] = os.path.expanduser(self._config['cachedir'])
+        pathlib.Path(self._config['cachedir']).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def _init_scripts_dir(self):
+        # Create the scripts directory if it doesn't exist
         if 'scripts_dir' not in self._config:
             self._config['scripts_dir'] = os.path.join(
                 os.path.dirname(self.config_file), 'scripts'
             )
         os.makedirs(self._config['scripts_dir'], mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
 
-        if 'dashboards_dir' not in self._config:
-            self._config['dashboards_dir'] = os.path.join(
-                os.path.dirname(self.config_file), 'dashboards'
-            )
-        os.makedirs(self._config['dashboards_dir'], mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
-
         # Create a default (empty) __init__.py in the scripts folder
         init_py = os.path.join(self._config['scripts_dir'], '__init__.py')
         if not os.path.isfile(init_py):
@@ -204,6 +239,19 @@ class Config:
         )
         sys.path = [scripts_parent_dir] + sys.path
 
+    def _init_dashboards_dir(self):
+        if 'dashboards_dir' not in self._config:
+            self._config['dashboards_dir'] = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(self.config_file), 'dashboards'
+            )
+        os.makedirs(self._config['dashboards_dir'], mode=0o755, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def _init_dirs(self, workdir: Optional[str] = None, cachedir: Optional[str] = None):
+        self._init_workdir(workdir=workdir)
+        self._init_cachedir(cachedir=cachedir)
+        self._init_scripts_dir()
+        self._init_dashboards_dir()
+
     def _init_secrets(self):
         if 'token' in self._config:
             self._config['token_hash'] = get_hash(self._config['token'])
@@ -425,6 +473,7 @@ class Config:
         cls,
         cfgfile: Optional[str] = None,
         workdir: Optional[str] = None,
+        cachedir: Optional[str] = None,
         force_reload: bool = False,
     ) -> "Config":
         """
@@ -432,7 +481,7 @@ class Config:
         """
         if force_reload or cls._instance is None:
             cfg_args = [cfgfile] if cfgfile else []
-            cls._instance = Config(*cfg_args, workdir=workdir)
+            cls._instance = Config(*cfg_args, workdir=workdir, cachedir=cachedir)
         return cls._instance
 
     @classmethod
@@ -496,6 +545,7 @@ class Config:
         cfgfile: Optional[str] = None,
         device_id: Optional[str] = None,
         workdir: Optional[str] = None,
+        cachedir: Optional[str] = None,
         ctrl_sock: Optional[str] = None,
         **_,
     ):
@@ -505,13 +555,18 @@ class Config:
         :param cfgfile: Path to the config file (default: _cfgfile_locations)
         :param device_id: Override the configured device_id.
         :param workdir: Override the configured working directory.
+        :param cachedir: Override the configured cache directory.
         :param ctrl_sock: Override the configured control socket.
         """
-        cfg = cls._get_instance(cfgfile, workdir=workdir, force_reload=True)
+        cfg = cls._get_instance(
+            cfgfile, workdir=workdir, cachedir=cachedir, force_reload=True
+        )
         if device_id:
             cfg.set('device_id', device_id)
         if workdir:
             cfg.set('workdir', workdir)
+        if cachedir:
+            cfg.set('cachedir', cachedir)
         if ctrl_sock:
             cfg.set('ctrl_sock', ctrl_sock)
 
@@ -526,6 +581,15 @@ class Config:
         assert workdir
         return workdir  # type: ignore
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_cachedir(cls) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: The path of the configured cache directory.
+        """
+        workdir = cls._get_instance().get('cachedir')
+        assert workdir
+        return workdir  # type: ignore
+
     @classmethod
     def get(cls, key: Optional[str] = None, default: Optional[Any] = None):
         """

platypush/config/config.yaml

@@ -55,11 +55,29 @@
 # # If not specified, then one of the following will be used:
 # #
 # # - $XDG_DATA_HOME/platypush if the XDG_DATA_HOME environment variable is set.
+# # - /var/lib/platypush if the user is root.
 # # - $HOME/.local/share/platypush otherwise.
 #
 # workdir: ~/.local/share/platypush
 ###
 
+### -----------------
+### Cache directory
+### -----------------
+
+###
+# # Note that the cache directory can also be specified at runtime using the
+# # --cachedir option.
+# #
+# # If not specified, then one of the following will be used:
+# #
+# # - $XDG_CACHE_DIR/platypush if the XDG_CACHE_DIR environment variable is set.
+# # - /var/cache/platypush if the user is root.
+# # - $HOME/.cache/platypush otherwise.
+#
+# cachedir: ~/.cache/platypush
+###
+
 ### ----------------------
 ### Database configuration
 ### ----------------------

platypush/entities/_base.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import ObjectDeletedError
 
 import platypush
 from platypush.config import Config
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import Base, is_defined
 from platypush.message import JSONAble, Message
 
 EntityRegistryType = Dict[str, Type['Entity']]
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fail.
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-if 'entity' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('entity'):
 
     class Entity(Base):
         """

platypush/entities/acceleration.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .three_axis import ThreeAxisSensor
 
 
-if 'accelerometer' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('accelerometer'):
 
     class Accelerometer(ThreeAxisSensor):
         """
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ if 'accelerometer' not in Base.metadata:
             primary_key=True,
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/audio.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .dimmers import Dimmer
 from .switches import Switch
 
 
-if 'volume' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('volume'):
 
     class Volume(Dimmer):
         __tablename__ = 'volume'
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ if 'volume' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(Dimmer.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'muted' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('muted'):
 
     class Muted(Switch):
         __tablename__ = 'muted'
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ if 'muted' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(Switch.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/batteries.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'battery' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('battery'):
 
     class Battery(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'battery'
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ if 'battery' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/bluetooth/_device.py

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     String,
 )
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from ..devices import Device
 from ._service import BluetoothService
 
 
-if 'bluetooth_device' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('bluetooth_device'):
 
     class BluetoothDevice(Device):
         """
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ if 'bluetooth_device' not in Base.metadata:
         model_id = Column(String, default=None)
         """ Device model ID. """
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/bluetooth/_service.py

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     String,
 )
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 from platypush.entities import Entity
 
-if 'bluetooth_service' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('bluetooth_service'):
 
     class BluetoothService(Entity):
         """
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ if 'bluetooth_service' not in Base.metadata:
         connected = Column(Boolean, default=False)
         """ Whether an active connection exists to this service. """
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/buttons.py

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     Integer,
 )
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import EnumSensor
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-if 'button' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('button'):
 
     class Button(EnumSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'button'
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ if 'button' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(EnumSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/cloud.py

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     String,
 )
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .devices import Device
 
 
-if 'cloud_instance' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('cloud_instance'):
 
     class CloudInstance(Device):
         """
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ if 'cloud_instance' not in Base.metadata:
         alerts = Column(JSON)
         backups = Column(JSON)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/contact.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import BinarySensor
 
 
-if 'contact_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('contact_sensor'):
 
     class ContactSensor(BinarySensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'contact_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(BinarySensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/devices.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, Boolean, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from ._base import Entity
 
 
-if 'device' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('device'):
 
     class Device(Entity):
         """
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ if 'device' not in Base.metadata:
         )
         reachable = Column(Boolean, default=True)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/dimmers.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey, Float, String
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .devices import Device
 
 
-if 'dimmer' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('dimmer'):
 
     class Dimmer(Device):
         """
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ if 'dimmer' not in Base.metadata:
         value = Column(Float)
         unit = Column(String)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/distance.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'distance_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('distance_sensor'):
 
     class DistanceSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'distance_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/electricity.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'power_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('power_sensor'):
 
     class PowerSensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'power_sensor'
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ if 'power_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'current_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('current_sensor'):
 
     class CurrentSensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'current_sensor'
@@ -28,12 +29,13 @@ if 'current_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'voltage_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('voltage_sensor'):
 
     class VoltageSensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'voltage_sensor'
@@ -42,12 +44,13 @@ if 'voltage_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'energy_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('energy_sensor'):
 
     class EnergySensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'energy_sensor'
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ if 'energy_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/heart.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'heart_rate_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('heart_rate_sensor'):
 
     class HeartRateSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'heart_rate_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/humidity.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'humidity_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('humidity_sensor'):
 
     class HumiditySensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,12 +18,13 @@ if 'humidity_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'dew_point_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('dew_point_sensor'):
 
     class DewPointSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ if 'dew_point_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/illuminance.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'illuminance_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('illuminance_sensor'):
 
     class IlluminanceSensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'illuminance_sensor'
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ if 'illuminance_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/lights.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, Boolean, Float
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .devices import Device
 
 
-if 'light' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('light'):
 
     class Light(Device):
         __tablename__ = 'light'
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ if 'light' not in Base.metadata:
         temperature_min = Column(Float)
         temperature_max = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/linkquality.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'link_quality' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('link_quality'):
 
     class LinkQuality(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'link_quality'
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ if 'link_quality' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/magnetism.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .three_axis import ThreeAxisSensor
 
 
-if 'magnetometer' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('magnetometer'):
 
     class Magnetometer(ThreeAxisSensor):
         """
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ if 'magnetometer' not in Base.metadata:
             primary_key=True,
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/motion.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import BinarySensor
 
 
-if 'motion_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('motion_sensor'):
 
     class MotionSensor(BinarySensor):
         __tablename__ = 'motion_sensor'
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ if 'motion_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(BinarySensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/presence.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import BinarySensor
 
 
-if 'presence_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('presence_sensor'):
 
     class PresenceSensor(BinarySensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'presence_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(BinarySensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/pressure.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'pressure_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('pressure_sensor'):
 
     class PressureSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'pressure_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/sensors.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     String,
 )
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .devices import Device
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Sensor(Device):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-if 'raw_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('raw_sensor'):
 
     class RawSensor(Sensor):
         """
@@ -86,12 +86,13 @@ if 'raw_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
                 self.is_binary = False
                 self.is_json = False
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'numeric_sensor' not in Base.metadata and 'percent_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('numeric_sensor') and not is_defined('percent_sensor'):
 
     class NumericSensor(Sensor):
         """
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ if 'numeric_sensor' not in Base.metadata and 'percent_sensor' not in Base.metada
         max = Column(Float)
         unit = Column(String)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ if 'numeric_sensor' not in Base.metadata and 'percent_sensor' not in Base.metada
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ if 'numeric_sensor' not in Base.metadata and 'percent_sensor' not in Base.metada
             super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-if 'binary_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('binary_sensor'):
 
     class BinarySensor(Sensor):
         """
@@ -163,12 +166,13 @@ if 'binary_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
         )
         value = Column(Boolean)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'enum_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('enum_sensor'):
 
     class EnumSensor(Sensor):
         """
@@ -184,12 +188,13 @@ if 'enum_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
         values = Column(JSON)
         """ Possible values for the sensor, as a JSON array. """
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'composite_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('composite_sensor'):
 
     class CompositeSensor(Sensor):
         """
@@ -204,6 +209,7 @@ if 'composite_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
         )
         value = Column(JSON)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/steps.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'steps_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('steps_sensor'):
 
     class StepsSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'steps_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/switches.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey, Boolean, String, JSON
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .devices import Device
 
 
-if 'switch' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('switch'):
 
     class Switch(Device):
         __tablename__ = 'switch'
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ if 'switch' not in Base.metadata:
         )
         state = Column(Boolean)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'enum_switch' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('enum_switch'):
 
     class EnumSwitch(Device):
         __tablename__ = 'enum_switch'
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ if 'enum_switch' not in Base.metadata:
         value = Column(String)
         values = Column(JSON)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/system.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, Float, ForeignKey, Integer, JSON, String
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from . import Entity
 from .devices import Device
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .sensors import NumericSensor, PercentSensor
 from .temperature import TemperatureSensor
 
 
-if 'cpu' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('cpu'):
 
     class Cpu(Entity):
         """
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ if 'cpu' not in Base.metadata:
 
         percent = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'cpu_info' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('cpu_info'):
 
     class CpuInfo(Entity):
         """
@@ -54,12 +55,13 @@ if 'cpu_info' not in Base.metadata:
         l2_cache_size = Column(Integer)
         l3_cache_size = Column(Integer)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'cpu_times' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('cpu_times'):
 
     class CpuTimes(Entity):
         """
@@ -72,12 +74,13 @@ if 'cpu_times' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(Entity.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'cpu_stats' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('cpu_stats'):
 
     class CpuStats(Entity):
         """
@@ -90,12 +93,13 @@ if 'cpu_stats' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(Entity.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'memory_stats' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('memory_stats'):
 
     class MemoryStats(Entity):
         """
@@ -119,12 +123,13 @@ if 'memory_stats' not in Base.metadata:
         shared = Column(Integer)
         percent = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'swap_stats' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('swap_stats'):
 
     class SwapStats(Entity):
         """
@@ -142,12 +147,13 @@ if 'swap_stats' not in Base.metadata:
         free = Column(Integer)
         percent = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'disk' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('disk'):
 
     class Disk(Entity):
         """
@@ -175,12 +181,13 @@ if 'disk' not in Base.metadata:
         write_time = Column(Float)
         busy_time = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'network_interface' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('network_interface'):
 
     class NetworkInterface(Device):
         """
@@ -207,12 +214,13 @@ if 'network_interface' not in Base.metadata:
         duplex = Column(String)
         flags = Column(JSON)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'system_temperature' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('system_temperature'):
 
     class SystemTemperature(TemperatureSensor):
         """
@@ -230,12 +238,13 @@ if 'system_temperature' not in Base.metadata:
         high = Column(Float)
         critical = Column(Float)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'system_fan' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('system_fan'):
 
     class SystemFan(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -250,12 +259,13 @@ if 'system_fan' not in Base.metadata:
             primary_key=True,
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }
 
 
-if 'system_battery' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('system_battery'):
 
     class SystemBattery(PercentSensor):
         """
@@ -273,6 +283,7 @@ if 'system_battery' not in Base.metadata:
         seconds_left = Column(Float)
         power_plugged = Column(Boolean)
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/temperature.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'temperature_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('temperature_sensor'):
 
     class TemperatureSensor(NumericSensor):
         __tablename__ = 'temperature_sensor'
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ if 'temperature_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/three_axis.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from typing import Iterable, Mapping, Optional, Union
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 from platypush.common.sensors import Numeric
 
 from .sensors import RawSensor
 
 
-if 'three_axis_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('three_axis_sensor'):
 
     class ThreeAxisSensor(RawSensor):
         """
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ if 'three_axis_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(RawSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/time.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'time_duration' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('time_duration'):
 
     class TimeDuration(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'time_duration' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/entities/variables.py

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ import logging
 
 from sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from . import Entity
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-if 'variable' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('variable'):
 
     class Variable(Entity):
         """

platypush/entities/weight.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey
 
-from platypush.common.db import Base
+from platypush.common.db import is_defined
 
 from .sensors import NumericSensor
 
 
-if 'weight_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
+if not is_defined('weight_sensor'):
 
     class WeightSensor(NumericSensor):
         """
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if 'weight_sensor' not in Base.metadata:
             Integer, ForeignKey(NumericSensor.id, ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True
         )
 
+        __table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
         __mapper_args__ = {
             'polymorphic_identity': __tablename__,
         }

platypush/install/docker/alpine.Dockerfile

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ EXPOSE 8008
 
 VOLUME /etc/platypush
 VOLUME /var/lib/platypush
+VOLUME /var/cache/platypush
 
 CMD platypush \
   --start-redis \
   --config /etc/platypush/config.yaml \
-  --workdir /var/lib/platypush
+  --workdir /var/lib/platypush \
+  --cachedir /var/cache/platypush

platypush/install/docker/debian.Dockerfile

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ EXPOSE 8008
 
 VOLUME /etc/platypush
 VOLUME /var/lib/platypush
+VOLUME /var/cache/platypush
 
 CMD platypush \
   --start-redis \
   --config /etc/platypush/config.yaml \
-  --workdir /var/lib/platypush
+  --workdir /var/lib/platypush \
+  --cachedir /var/cache/platypush

platypush/install/docker/fedora.Dockerfile

@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ EXPOSE 8008
 
 VOLUME /etc/platypush
 VOLUME /var/lib/platypush
+VOLUME /var/cache/platypush
 
 CMD platypush \
   --start-redis \
   --config /etc/platypush/config.yaml \
-  --workdir /var/lib/platypush
+  --workdir /var/lib/platypush \
+  --cachedir /var/cache/platypush

platypush/install/docker/ubuntu.Dockerfile

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ EXPOSE 8008
 
 VOLUME /etc/platypush
 VOLUME /var/lib/platypush
+VOLUME /var/cache/platypush
 
 CMD platypush \
   --start-redis \
   --config /etc/platypush/config.yaml \
-  --workdir /var/lib/platypush
+  --workdir /var/lib/platypush \
+  --cachedir /var/cache/platypush

platypush/message/__init__.py

@@ -34,21 +34,21 @@ class Message:
         def parse_numpy(obj):
             try:
                 import numpy as np
-            except ImportError:
-                return
 
-            if isinstance(obj, np.floating):
+                if isinstance(obj, np.floating):
-                return float(obj)
+                    return float(obj)
-            if isinstance(obj, np.integer):
+                if isinstance(obj, np.integer):
-                return int(obj)
+                    return int(obj)
-            if isinstance(obj, np.ndarray):
+                if isinstance(obj, np.ndarray):
-                return obj.tolist()
+                    return obj.tolist()
-            if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
+                if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
-                return float(obj)
+                    return float(obj)
-            if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
-                return '0x' + ''.join([f'{x:02x}' for x in obj])
+                    return '0x' + ''.join([f'{x:02x}' for x in obj])
-            if callable(obj):
+                if callable(obj):
-                return '<function at {}.{}>'.format(obj.__module__, obj.__name__)
+                    return '<function at {}.{}>'.format(obj.__module__, obj.__name__)
+            except (ImportError, TypeError):
+                pass
 
             return
 

platypush/message/event/matrix.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Dict, Any
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from platypush.message.event import Event
 
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ class MatrixEvent(Event):
         self,
         *args,
         server_url: str,
-        sender_id: str | None = None,
+        sender_id: Optional[str] = None,
-        sender_display_name: str | None = None,
+        sender_display_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        sender_avatar_url: str | None = None,
+        sender_avatar_url: Optional[str] = None,
-        room_id: str | None = None,
+        room_id: Optional[str] = None,
-        room_name: str | None = None,
+        room_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        room_topic: str | None = None,
+        room_topic: Optional[str] = None,
-        server_timestamp: datetime | None = None,
+        server_timestamp: Optional[datetime] = None,
         **kwargs
     ):
         """
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ class MatrixMessageEvent(MatrixEvent):
         self,
         *args,
         body: str = '',
-        url: str | None = None,
+        url: Optional[str] = None,
-        thumbnail_url: str | None = None,
+        thumbnail_url: Optional[str] = None,
-        mimetype: str | None = None,
+        mimetype: Optional[str] = None,
-        formatted_body: str | None = None,
+        formatted_body: Optional[str] = None,
-        format: str | None = None,
+        format: Optional[str] = None,
         **kwargs
     ):
         """
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class MatrixCallEvent(MatrixEvent):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, *args, call_id: str, version: int, sdp: str | None = None, **kwargs
+        self, *args, call_id: str, version: int, sdp: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs
     ):
         """
         :param call_id: The unique ID of the call.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class MatrixCallInviteEvent(MatrixCallEvent):
     Event triggered when the user is invited to a call.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, invite_validity: float | None = None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args, invite_validity: Optional[float] = None, **kwargs):
         """
         :param invite_validity: For how long the invite will be valid, in seconds.
         :param sdp: SDP text of the session description.
@@ -242,7 +242,9 @@ class MatrixUserPresenceEvent(MatrixEvent):
     Event triggered when a user comes online or goes offline.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, is_active: bool, last_active: datetime | None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self, *args, is_active: bool, last_active: Optional[datetime], **kwargs
+    ):
         """
         :param is_active: True if the user is currently online.
         :param topic: When the user was last active.

platypush/plugins/calendar/ical/__init__.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class CalendarIcalPlugin(Plugin, CalendarInterface):
     def get_upcoming_events(self, *_, only_participating=True, **__):
         """
         Get the upcoming events. See
-        :func:`~platypush.plugins.calendar.CalendarPlugin.get_upcoming_events`.
+        :meth:`platypush.plugins.calendar.CalendarPlugin.get_upcoming_events`.
         """
 
         from icalendar import Calendar

platypush/plugins/google/calendar/__init__.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class GoogleCalendarPlugin(GooglePlugin, CalendarInterface):
     def get_upcoming_events(self, max_results=10):
         """
         Get the upcoming events. See
-        :func:`~platypush.plugins.calendar.CalendarPlugin.get_upcoming_events`.
+        :meth:`platypush.plugins.calendar.CalendarPlugin.get_upcoming_events`.
         """
 
         now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z'

platypush/plugins/inspect/__init__.py

@@ -1,36 +1,24 @@
-from collections import defaultdict
 import importlib
 import inspect
 import json
 import os
 import pathlib
-import pickle
 import pkgutil
-from types import ModuleType
+from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Generator, Optional, Type, Union
+from typing import List, Optional
 
 from platypush.backend import Backend
+from platypush.common.db import override_definitions
+from platypush.common.reflection import Integration, Message as MessageMetadata
 from platypush.config import Config
 from platypush.plugins import Plugin, action
 from platypush.message import Message
 from platypush.message.event import Event
 from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.utils import (
+from platypush.utils.mock import auto_mocks
-    get_backend_class_by_name,
+from platypush.utils.manifest import Manifest, Manifests
-    get_backend_name_by_class,
-    get_plugin_class_by_name,
-    get_plugin_name_by_class,
-)
-from platypush.utils.manifest import Manifests
 
-from ._context import ComponentContext
+from ._cache import Cache
-from ._model import (
-    BackendModel,
-    EventModel,
-    Model,
-    PluginModel,
-    ResponseModel,
-)
 from ._serialize import ProcedureEncoder
 
 
@@ -39,297 +27,211 @@ class InspectPlugin(Plugin):
     This plugin can be used to inspect platypush plugins and backends
     """
 
+    _num_workers = 8
+    """Number of threads to use for the inspection."""
+
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self._components_cache_file = os.path.join(
+        self._cache_file = os.path.join(Config.get_cachedir(), 'components.json')
-            Config.get('workdir'),  # type: ignore
+        self._cache = Cache()
-            'components.cache',  # type: ignore
+        self._load_cache()
-        )
-        self._components_context: Dict[type, ComponentContext] = defaultdict(
-            ComponentContext
-        )
-        self._components_cache: Dict[type, dict] = defaultdict(dict)
-        self._load_components_cache()
 
-    def _load_components_cache(self):
+    def _load_cache(self):
         """
         Loads the components cache from disk.
         """
-        try:
+        with self._cache.lock(), auto_mocks(), override_definitions():
-            with open(self._components_cache_file, 'rb') as f:
-                self._components_cache = pickle.load(f)
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.logger.warning('Could not initialize the components cache: %s', e)
-            self.logger.info(
-                'The plugin will initialize the cache by scanning '
-                'the integrations at the next run. This may take a while'
-            )
-
-    def _flush_components_cache(self):
-        """
-        Flush the current components cache to disk.
-        """
-        with open(self._components_cache_file, 'wb') as f:
-            pickle.dump(self._components_cache, f)
-
-    def _get_cached_component(
-        self, base_type: type, comp_type: type
-    ) -> Optional[Model]:
-        """
-        Retrieve a cached component's ``Model``.
-
-        :param base_type: The base type of the component (e.g. ``Plugin`` or
-            ``Backend``).
-        :param comp_type: The specific type of the component (e.g.
-            ``MusicMpdPlugin`` or ``HttpBackend``).
-        :return: The cached component's ``Model`` if it exists, otherwise null.
-        """
-        return self._components_cache.get(base_type, {}).get(comp_type)
-
-    def _cache_component(
-        self,
-        base_type: type,
-        comp_type: type,
-        model: Model,
-        index_by_module: bool = False,
-    ):
-        """
-        Cache the ``Model`` object for a component.
-
-        :param base_type: The base type of the component (e.g. ``Plugin`` or
-            ``Backend``).
-        :param comp_type: The specific type of the component (e.g.
-            ``MusicMpdPlugin`` or ``HttpBackend``).
-        :param model: The ``Model`` object to cache.
-        :param index_by_module: If ``True``, the ``Model`` object will be
-            indexed according to the ``base_type -> module -> comp_type``
-            mapping, otherwise ``base_type -> comp_type``.
-        """
-        if index_by_module:
-            if not self._components_cache.get(base_type, {}).get(model.package):
-                self._components_cache[base_type][model.package] = {}
-            self._components_cache[base_type][model.package][comp_type] = model
-        else:
-            self._components_cache[base_type][comp_type] = model
-
-    def _scan_integrations(self, base_type: type):
-        """
-        A generator that scans the manifest files given a ``base_type``
-        (``Plugin`` or ``Backend``) and yields the parsed submodules.
-        """
-        for manifest in Manifests.by_base_class(base_type):
             try:
-                yield importlib.import_module(manifest.package)
+                self._cache = Cache.load(self._cache_file)
             except Exception as e:
-                self.logger.debug(
+                self.logger.warning(
-                    'Could not import module %s: %s',
+                    'Could not initialize the components cache from %s: %s',
-                    manifest.package,
+                    self._cache_file,
                     e,
                 )
-                continue
+                self._cache = Cache()
 
-    def _scan_modules(self, base_type: type) -> Generator[ModuleType, None, None]:
+            self._refresh_cache()
+
+    def _refresh_cache(self):
         """
-        A generator that scan the modules given a ``base_type`` (e.g. ``Event``).
+        Refreshes the components cache.
+        """
+        cache_version_differs = self._cache.version != Cache.cur_version
 
-        Unlike :meth:`._scan_integrations`, this method recursively scans the
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(self._num_workers) as pool:
-        modules using ``pkgutil`` instead of using the information provided in
+            futures = []
-        the integrations' manifest files.
+
+            for base_type in [Plugin, Backend]:
+                futures.append(
+                    pool.submit(
+                        self._scan_integrations,
+                        base_type,
+                        pool=pool,
+                        force_refresh=cache_version_differs,
+                        futures=futures,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            for base_type in [Event, Response]:
+                futures.append(
+                    pool.submit(
+                        self._scan_modules,
+                        base_type,
+                        pool=pool,
+                        force_refresh=cache_version_differs,
+                        futures=futures,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            while futures:
+                futures.pop().result()
+
+        if self._cache.has_changes:
+            self.logger.info('Saving new components cache to %s', self._cache_file)
+            self._cache.dump(self._cache_file)
+            self._cache.loaded_at = self._cache.saved_at
+
+    def _scan_integration(self, manifest: Manifest):
+        """
+        Scans a single integration from the manifest and adds it to the cache.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._cache_integration(Integration.from_manifest(manifest.file))
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.warning(
+                'Could not import module %s: %s',
+                manifest.package,
+                e,
+            )
+
+    def _scan_integrations(
+        self,
+        base_type: type,
+        pool: ThreadPoolExecutor,
+        futures: List[Future],
+        force_refresh: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """
+        Scans the integrations with a manifest file (plugins and backends) and
+        refreshes the cache.
+        """
+        for manifest in Manifests.by_base_class(base_type):
+            # An integration metadata needs to be refreshed if it's been
+            # modified since it was last loaded, or if it's not in the
+            # cache.
+            if force_refresh or self._needs_refresh(manifest.file):
+                futures.append(pool.submit(self._scan_integration, manifest))
+
+    def _scan_module(self, base_type: type, modname: str):
+        """
+        Scans a single module for objects that match the given base_type and
+        adds them to the cache.
+        """
+        try:
+            module = importlib.import_module(modname)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.warning('Could not import module %s: %s', modname, e)
+            return
+
+        for _, obj_type in inspect.getmembers(module):
+            if (
+                inspect.isclass(obj_type)
+                and issubclass(obj_type, base_type)
+                # Exclude the base_type itself
+                and obj_type != base_type
+            ):
+                self.logger.info(
+                    'Scanned %s: %s',
+                    base_type.__name__,
+                    f'{module.__name__}.{obj_type.__name__}',
+                )
+
+                self._cache.set(
+                    base_type, obj_type, MessageMetadata.by_type(obj_type).to_dict()
+                )
+
+    def _scan_modules(
+        self,
+        base_type: type,
+        pool: ThreadPoolExecutor,
+        futures: List[Future],
+        force_refresh: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """
+        A generator that scans the modules given a ``base_type`` (e.g. ``Event``).
+
+        It's a bit more inefficient than :meth:`._scan_integrations` because it
+        needs to inspect all the members of a module to find the ones that
+        match the given ``base_type``, but it works fine for simple components
+        (like messages) that don't require extra recursive parsing and don't
+        have a manifest.
         """
         prefix = base_type.__module__ + '.'
         path = str(pathlib.Path(inspect.getfile(base_type)).parent)
 
-        for _, modname, _ in pkgutil.walk_packages(
+        for _, modname, __ in pkgutil.walk_packages(
             path=[path], prefix=prefix, onerror=lambda _: None
         ):
             try:
-                yield importlib.import_module(modname)
+                filename = self._module_filename(path, '.'.join(modname.split('.')[3:]))
+                if not (force_refresh or self._needs_refresh(filename)):
+                    continue
             except Exception as e:
-                self.logger.debug('Could not import module %s: %s', modname, e)
+                self.logger.warning('Could not scan module %s: %s', modname, e)
                 continue
 
-    def _init_component(
+            futures.append(pool.submit(self._scan_module, base_type, modname))
-        self,
+
-        base_type: type,
+    def _needs_refresh(self, filename: str) -> bool:
-        comp_type: type,
-        model_type: Type[Model],
-        index_by_module: bool = False,
-    ) -> Model:
         """
-        Initialize a component's ``Model`` object and cache it.
+        :return: True if the given file needs to be refreshed in the cache.
-
-        :param base_type: The base type of the component (e.g. ``Plugin`` or
-            ``Backend``).
-        :param comp_type: The specific type of the component (e.g.
-            ``MusicMpdPlugin`` or ``HttpBackend``).
-        :param model_type: The type of the ``Model`` object that should be
-            created.
-        :param index_by_module: If ``True``, the ``Model`` object will be
-            indexed according to the ``base_type -> module -> comp_type``
-            mapping, otherwise ``base_type -> comp_type``.
-        :return: The initialized component's ``Model`` object.
         """
-        prefix = base_type.__module__ + '.'
+        return os.lstat(os.path.dirname(filename)).st_mtime > (
-        comp_file = inspect.getsourcefile(comp_type)
+            self._cache.saved_at or 0
-        model = None
-        mtime = None
-
-        if comp_file:
-            mtime = os.stat(comp_file).st_mtime
-            cached_model = self._get_cached_component(base_type, comp_type)
-
-            # Only update the component model if its source file was
-            # modified since the last time it was scanned
-            if (
-                cached_model
-                and cached_model.last_modified
-                and mtime <= cached_model.last_modified
-            ):
-                model = cached_model
-
-        if not model:
-            self.logger.info('Scanning component %s', comp_type.__name__)
-            model = model_type(comp_type, prefix=prefix, last_modified=mtime)
-
-        self._cache_component(
-            base_type, comp_type, model, index_by_module=index_by_module
-        )
-        return model
-
-    def _init_modules(
-        self,
-        base_type: type,
-        model_type: Type[Model],
-    ):
-        """
-        Initializes, parses and caches all the components of a given type.
-
-        Unlike :meth:`._scan_integrations`, this method inspects all the
-        members of a ``module`` for those that match the given ``base_type``
-        instead of relying on the information provided in the manifest.
-
-        It is a bit more inefficient, but it works fine for simple components
-        (like entities and messages) that don't require extra recursive parsing
-        logic for their docs (unlike plugins).
-        """
-        for module in self._scan_modules(base_type):
-            for _, obj_type in inspect.getmembers(module):
-                if (
-                    inspect.isclass(obj_type)
-                    and issubclass(obj_type, base_type)
-                    # Exclude the base_type itself
-                    and obj_type != base_type
-                ):
-                    self._init_component(
-                        base_type=base_type,
-                        comp_type=obj_type,
-                        model_type=model_type,
-                        index_by_module=True,
-                    )
-
-    def _init_integrations(
-        self,
-        base_type: Type[Union[Plugin, Backend]],
-        model_type: Type[Union[PluginModel, BackendModel]],
-        class_by_name: Callable[[str], Optional[type]],
-    ):
-        """
-        Initializes, parses and caches all the integrations of a given type.
-
-        :param base_type: The base type of the component (e.g. ``Plugin`` or
-            ``Backend``).
-        :param model_type: The type of the ``Model`` objects that should be
-            created.
-        :param class_by_name: A function that returns the class of a given
-            integration given its qualified name.
-        """
-        for module in self._scan_integrations(base_type):
-            comp_name = '.'.join(module.__name__.split('.')[2:])
-            comp_type = class_by_name(comp_name)
-            if not comp_type:
-                continue
-
-            self._init_component(
-                base_type=base_type,
-                comp_type=comp_type,
-                model_type=model_type,
-            )
-
-        self._flush_components_cache()
-
-    def _init_plugins(self):
-        """
-        Initializes and caches all the available plugins.
-        """
-        self._init_integrations(
-            base_type=Plugin,
-            model_type=PluginModel,
-            class_by_name=get_plugin_class_by_name,
         )
 
-    def _init_backends(self):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _module_filename(path: str, modname: str) -> str:
         """
-        Initializes and caches all the available backends.
+        :param path: Path to the module.
+        :param modname: Module name.
+        :return: The full path to the module file.
         """
-        self._init_integrations(
+        filename = os.path.join(path, *modname.split('.')) + '.py'
-            base_type=Backend,
-            model_type=BackendModel,
-            class_by_name=get_backend_class_by_name,
-        )
 
-    def _init_events(self):
+        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
-        """
+            filename = os.path.join(path, *modname.split('.'), '__init__.py')
-        Initializes and caches all the available events.
-        """
-        self._init_modules(
-            base_type=Event,
-            model_type=EventModel,
-        )
 
-    def _init_responses(self):
+        assert os.path.isfile(filename), f'No such file or directory: {filename}'
-        """
+        return filename
-        Initializes and caches all the available responses.
-        """
-        self._init_modules(
-            base_type=Response,
-            model_type=ResponseModel,
-        )
 
-    def _init_components(self, base_type: type, initializer: Callable[[], None]):
+    def _cache_integration(self, integration: Integration) -> dict:
         """
-        Context manager boilerplate for the other ``_init_*`` methods.
+        :param integration: The :class:`.IntegrationMetadata` object.
+        :return: The initialized component's metadata dict.
         """
-        ctx = self._components_context[base_type]
+        self.logger.info(
-        with ctx.init_lock:
+            'Scanned %s: %s', integration.base_type.__name__, integration.name
-            if not ctx.refreshed.is_set():
+        )
-                initializer()
+        meta = integration.to_dict()
-                ctx.refreshed.set()
+        self._cache.set(integration.base_type, integration.type, meta)
+        return meta
 
     @action
     def get_all_plugins(self):
         """
         Get information about all the available plugins.
         """
-        self._init_components(Plugin, self._init_plugins)
+        return json.dumps(self._cache.to_dict().get('plugins', {}), cls=Message.Encoder)
-        return json.dumps(
-            {
-                get_plugin_name_by_class(cls): dict(plugin)
-                for cls, plugin in self._components_cache.get(Plugin, {}).items()
-            },
-            cls=Message.Encoder,
-        )
 
     @action
     def get_all_backends(self):
         """
         Get information about all the available backends.
         """
-        self._init_components(Backend, self._init_backends)
         return json.dumps(
-            {
+            self._cache.to_dict().get('backends', {}), cls=Message.Encoder
-                get_backend_name_by_class(cls): dict(backend)
-                for cls, backend in self._components_cache.get(Backend, {}).items()
-            }
         )
 
     @action
@@ -337,33 +239,15 @@ class InspectPlugin(Plugin):
         """
         Get information about all the available events.
         """
-        self._init_components(Event, self._init_events)
+        return json.dumps(self._cache.to_dict().get('events', {}), cls=Message.Encoder)
-        return json.dumps(
-            {
-                package: {
-                    obj_type.__name__: dict(event_model)
-                    for obj_type, event_model in events.items()
-                }
-                for package, events in self._components_cache.get(Event, {}).items()
-            }
-        )
 
     @action
     def get_all_responses(self):
         """
         Get information about all the available responses.
         """
-        self._init_components(Response, self._init_responses)
         return json.dumps(
-            {
+            self._cache.to_dict().get('responses', {}), cls=Message.Encoder
-                package: {
-                    obj_type.__name__: dict(response_model)
-                    for obj_type, response_model in responses.items()
-                }
-                for package, responses in self._components_cache.get(
-                    Response, {}
-                ).items()
-            }
         )
 
     @action

platypush/plugins/inspect/_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import json
+import logging
+from collections import defaultdict
+from time import time
+from threading import RLock
+from typing import Dict, Optional
+
+from platypush.backend import Backend
+from platypush.message.event import Event
+from platypush.message.response import Response
+from platypush.plugins import Plugin
+from platypush.utils import (
+    get_backend_class_by_name,
+    get_backend_name_by_class,
+    get_plugin_class_by_name,
+    get_plugin_name_by_class,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Cache:
+    """
+    A cache for the parsed integration metadata.
+
+    Cache structure:
+
+      .. code-block:: python
+
+        {
+            <integration_category>: {
+                <integration_type>: {
+                    'doc': <integration_docstring>,
+                    'args': {
+                        <arg_name>: {
+                            'name': <arg_name>,
+                            'type': <arg_type>,
+                            'doc': <arg_docstring>,
+                            'default': <arg_default_value>,
+                            'required': <arg_required>,
+                        },
+                        ...
+                    },
+                    'actions': {
+                        <action_name>: {
+                            'name': <action_name>,
+                            'doc': <action_docstring>,
+                            'args': {
+                                ...
+                            },
+                            'returns': {
+                                'type': <return_type>,
+                                'doc': <return_docstring>,
+                            },
+                        },
+                        ...
+                    },
+                    'events': [
+                        <event_type1>,
+                        <event_type2>,
+                        ...
+                    ],
+                },
+                ...
+            },
+            ...
+        }
+
+    """
+
+    cur_version = 1
+    """
+    Cache version, used to detect breaking changes in the cache logic that require a cache refresh.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        items: Optional[Dict[type, Dict[type, dict]]] = None,
+        saved_at: Optional[float] = None,
+        loaded_at: Optional[float] = None,
+        version: int = cur_version,
+    ):
+        self.saved_at = saved_at
+        self.loaded_at = loaded_at
+        self._cache: Dict[type, Dict[type, dict]] = defaultdict(dict)
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.version = version
+        self.has_changes = False
+
+        if items:
+            self._cache.update(items)
+            self.loaded_at = time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, cache_file: str) -> 'Cache':
+        """
+        Loads the components cache from disk.
+
+        :param cache_file: Cache file path.
+        """
+        with open(cache_file, 'r') as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+            return cls.from_dict(data)
+
+    def dump(self, cache_file: str):
+        """
+        Dumps the components cache to disk.
+
+        :param cache_file: Cache file path.
+        """
+        from platypush.message import Message
+
+        self.version = self.cur_version
+
+        with open(cache_file, 'w') as f:
+            self.saved_at = time()
+            json.dump(
+                {
+                    'saved_at': self.saved_at,
+                    'version': self.version,
+                    'items': self.to_dict(),
+                },
+                f,
+                cls=Message.Encoder,
+            )
+
+        self.has_changes = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> 'Cache':
+        """
+        Creates a cache from a JSON-serializable dictionary.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            items={
+                Backend: {
+                    k: v
+                    for k, v in {
+                        get_backend_class_by_name(backend_type): backend_meta
+                        for backend_type, backend_meta in data.get('items', {})
+                        .get('backends', {})
+                        .items()
+                    }.items()
+                    if k
+                },
+                Plugin: {
+                    k: v
+                    for k, v in {
+                        get_plugin_class_by_name(plugin_type): plugin_meta
+                        for plugin_type, plugin_meta in data.get('items', {})
+                        .get('plugins', {})
+                        .items()
+                    }.items()
+                    if k
+                },
+                Event: data.get('items', {}).get('events', {}),
+                Response: data.get('items', {}).get('responses', {}),
+            },
+            loaded_at=time(),
+            saved_at=data.get('saved_at'),
+            version=data.get('version', cls.cur_version),
+        )
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]:
+        """
+        Converts the cache items to a JSON-serializable dictionary.
+        """
+        return {
+            'backends': {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in {
+                    get_backend_name_by_class(backend_type): backend_meta
+                    for backend_type, backend_meta in self.backends.items()
+                }.items()
+                if k
+            },
+            'plugins': {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in {
+                    get_plugin_name_by_class(plugin_type): plugin_meta
+                    for plugin_type, plugin_meta in self.plugins.items()
+                }.items()
+                if k
+            },
+            'events': {
+                (k if isinstance(k, str) else f'{k.__module__}.{k.__qualname__}'): v
+                for k, v in self.events.items()
+                if k
+            },
+            'responses': {
+                (k if isinstance(k, str) else f'{k.__module__}.{k.__qualname__}'): v
+                for k, v in self.responses.items()
+                if k
+            },
+        }
+
+    def get(self, category: type, obj_type: Optional[type] = None) -> Optional[dict]:
+        """
+        Retrieves an object from the cache.
+
+        :param category: Category type.
+        :param obj_type: Object type.
+        :return: Object metadata.
+        """
+        collection = self._cache[category]
+        if not obj_type:
+            return collection
+        return collection.get(obj_type)
+
+    def set(self, category: type, obj_type: type, value: dict):
+        """
+        Set an object on the cache.
+
+        :param category: Category type.
+        :param obj_type: Object type.
+        :param value: Value to set.
+        """
+        self._cache[category][obj_type] = value
+        self.has_changes = True
+
+    @property
+    def plugins(self) -> Dict[type, dict]:
+        """Plugins metadata."""
+        return self._cache[Plugin]
+
+    @property
+    def backends(self) -> Dict[type, dict]:
+        """Backends metadata."""
+        return self._cache[Backend]
+
+    @property
+    def events(self) -> Dict[type, dict]:
+        """Events metadata."""
+        return self._cache[Event]
+
+    @property
+    def responses(self) -> Dict[type, dict]:
+        """Responses metadata."""
+        return self._cache[Response]
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def lock(self):
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires a lock on the cache.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            yield

platypush/plugins/inspect/_context.py

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-import threading
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ComponentContext:
-    """
-    This class is used to store the context of a component type.
-    """
-
-    init_lock: threading.RLock = field(default_factory=threading.RLock)
-    refreshed: threading.Event = field(default_factory=threading.Event)

platypush/plugins/inspect/_model.py

@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-import inspect
-import json
-import re
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Type
-
-from platypush.backend import Backend
-from platypush.message.event import Event
-from platypush.message.response import Response
-from platypush.plugins import Plugin
-from platypush.utils import get_decorators
-
-from ._parsers import (
-    BackendParser,
-    EventParser,
-    MethodParser,
-    Parser,
-    PluginParser,
-    ResponseParser,
-    SchemaParser,
-)
-
-
-class Model:
-    """
-    Base class for component models.
-    """
-
-    _parsers: List[Type[Parser]] = [
-        BackendParser,
-        EventParser,
-        MethodParser,
-        PluginParser,
-        ResponseParser,
-        SchemaParser,
-    ]
-
-    _param_docstring_re = re.compile(r'^\s*:param ([^:]+):\s*(.*)')
-    _type_docstring_re = re.compile(r'^\s*:type ([^:]+):\s*([^\s]+).*')
-    _return_docstring_re = re.compile(r'^\s*:return:\s+(.*)')
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        obj_type: type,
-        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        doc: Optional[str] = None,
-        prefix: str = '',
-        last_modified: Optional[float] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        :param obj_type: Type of the component.
-        :param name: Name of the component.
-        :param doc: Documentation of the component.
-        :param last_modified: Last modified timestamp of the component.
-        """
-        self._obj_type = obj_type
-        self.package = obj_type.__module__[len(prefix) :]
-        self.name = name or self.package
-        self.last_modified = last_modified
-
-        docstring = doc or ''
-        if obj_type.__doc__:
-            docstring += '\n\n' + obj_type.__doc__
-
-        if hasattr(obj_type, '__init__'):
-            docstring += '\n\n' + (obj_type.__init__.__doc__ or '')
-
-        self.doc, argsdoc = self._parse_docstring(docstring, obj_type=obj_type)
-        self.args = {}
-        self.has_kwargs = False
-        self.has_varargs = False
-
-        for arg in list(inspect.signature(obj_type).parameters.values())[1:]:
-            if arg.kind == arg.VAR_KEYWORD:
-                self.has_kwargs = True
-                continue
-
-            if arg.kind == arg.VAR_POSITIONAL:
-                self.has_varargs = True
-                continue
-
-            self.args[arg.name] = {
-                'default': (
-                    arg.default if not issubclass(arg.default.__class__, type) else None
-                ),
-                'doc': argsdoc.get(arg.name, {}).get('name'),
-                'required': arg.default is inspect._empty,
-                'type': (
-                    argsdoc.get(arg.name, {}).get('type')
-                    or (
-                        (
-                            arg.annotation.__name__
-                            if arg.annotation.__module__ == 'builtins'
-                            else (
-                                None
-                                if arg.annotation is inspect._empty
-                                else str(arg.annotation).replace('typing.', '')
-                            )
-                        )
-                        if arg.annotation
-                        else None
-                    )
-                ),
-            }
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        """
-        :return: JSON string representation of the model.
-        """
-        return json.dumps(dict(self), indent=2, sort_keys=True)
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        """
-        :return: JSON string representation of the model.
-        """
-        return json.dumps(dict(self))
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        """
-        Iterator for the model public attributes/values pairs.
-        """
-        for attr in ['name', 'args', 'doc', 'has_varargs', 'has_kwargs']:
-            yield attr, getattr(self, attr)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _parse_docstring(cls, docstring: str, obj_type: type):
-        new_docstring = ''
-        params = {}
-        cur_param = None
-        cur_param_docstring = ''
-        param_types = {}
-
-        if not docstring:
-            return None, {}
-
-        for line in docstring.split('\n'):
-            m = cls._param_docstring_re.match(line)
-            if m:
-                if cur_param:
-                    params[cur_param] = cur_param_docstring
-
-                cur_param = m.group(1)
-                cur_param_docstring = m.group(2)
-                continue
-
-            m = cls._type_docstring_re.match(line)
-            if m:
-                if cur_param:
-                    param_types[cur_param] = m.group(2).strip()
-                    params[cur_param] = cur_param_docstring
-
-                cur_param = None
-                continue
-
-            m = cls._return_docstring_re.match(line)
-            if m:
-                if cur_param:
-                    params[cur_param] = cur_param_docstring
-
-                new_docstring += '\n\n**Returns:**\n\n' + m.group(1).strip() + ' '
-                cur_param = None
-                continue
-
-            if cur_param:
-                if not line.strip():
-                    params[cur_param] = cur_param_docstring
-                    cur_param = None
-                    cur_param_docstring = ''
-                else:
-                    cur_param_docstring += '\n' + line.strip() + ' '
-            else:
-                new_docstring += line + '\n'
-
-        if cur_param:
-            params[cur_param] = cur_param_docstring
-
-        for param, doc in params.items():
-            params[param] = {
-                'name': cls._post_process_docstring(doc, obj_type=obj_type)
-            }
-
-            param_type = param_types.pop(param, None)
-            if param_type is not None:
-                params[param]['type'] = param_type
-
-        return cls._post_process_docstring(new_docstring, obj_type=obj_type), params
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _post_process_docstring(cls, docstring: str, obj_type: type) -> str:
-        for parsers in cls._parsers:
-            docstring = parsers.parse(docstring, obj_type=obj_type)
-        return docstring.strip()
-
-
-# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-class BackendModel(Model):
-    """
-    Model for backend components.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, obj_type: Type[Backend], *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(obj_type, *args, **kwargs)
-
-
-# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-class PluginModel(Model):
-    """
-    Model for plugin components.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, obj_type: Type[Plugin], prefix: str = '', **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(
-            obj_type,
-            name=re.sub(r'\._plugin$', '', obj_type.__module__[len(prefix) :]),
-            **kwargs,
-        )
-
-        self.actions = {
-            action_name: ActionModel(getattr(obj_type, action_name))
-            for action_name in get_decorators(obj_type, climb_class_hierarchy=True).get(
-                'action', []
-            )
-        }
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        """
-        Overrides the default implementation of ``__iter__`` to also include
-        plugin actions.
-        """
-        for attr in ['name', 'args', 'actions', 'doc', 'has_varargs', 'has_kwargs']:
-            if attr == 'actions':
-                yield attr, {
-                    name: dict(action) for name, action in self.actions.items()
-                }
-            else:
-                yield attr, getattr(self, attr)
-
-
-class EventModel(Model):
-    """
-    Model for event components.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, obj_type: Type[Event], **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(obj_type, **kwargs)
-
-
-class ResponseModel(Model):
-    """
-    Model for response components.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, obj_type: Type[Response], **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(obj_type, **kwargs)
-
-
-class ActionModel(Model):
-    """
-    Model for plugin action components.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, obj_type: Type[Callable], *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(obj_type, name=obj_type.__name__, *args, **kwargs)

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/__init__.py

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-from ._backend import BackendParser
-from ._base import Parser
-from ._event import EventParser
-from ._method import MethodParser
-from ._plugin import PluginParser
-from ._response import ResponseParser
-from ._schema import SchemaParser
-
-
-__all__ = [
-    'BackendParser',
-    'EventParser',
-    'MethodParser',
-    'Parser',
-    'PluginParser',
-    'ResponseParser',
-    'SchemaParser',
-]

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_backend.py

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class BackendParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Parse backend references in the docstrings with rendered links to their
-    respective documentation.
-    """
-
-    _backend_regex = re.compile(
-        r'(\s*):class:`(platypush\.backend\.(.+?))`', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, *_, **__) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._backend_regex.search(docstring)
-            if not m:
-                break
-
-            class_name = m.group(3).split('.')[-1]
-            package = '.'.join(m.group(3).split('.')[:-1])
-            docstring = cls._backend_regex.sub(
-                f'{m.group(1)}`{class_name} '
-                f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/backend/{package}.html#{m.group(2)}>`_',
-                docstring,
-                count=1,
-            )
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_base.py

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-
-
-class Parser(ABC):
-    """
-    Base class for parsers.
-    """
-
-    @classmethod
-    @abstractmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, obj_type: type) -> str:
-        raise NotImplementedError()

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_event.py

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class EventParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Parse event references in the docstrings with rendered links to their
-    respective documentation.
-    """
-
-    _event_regex = re.compile(
-        r'(\s*):class:`(platypush\.message\.event\.(.+?))`', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, *_, **__) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._event_regex.search(docstring)
-            if not m:
-                break
-
-            class_name = m.group(3).split('.')[-1]
-            package = '.'.join(m.group(3).split('.')[:-1])
-            docstring = cls._event_regex.sub(
-                f'{m.group(1)}`{class_name} '
-                f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/events/{package}.html#{m.group(2)}>`_',
-                docstring,
-                count=1,
-            )
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_method.py

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class MethodParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Parse method references in the docstrings with rendered links to their
-    respective documentation.
-    """
-
-    _abs_method_regex = re.compile(
-        r'(\s*):meth:`(platypush\.plugins\.(.+?))`', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    _rel_method_regex = re.compile(r'(\s*):meth:`\.(.+?)`', re.MULTILINE)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, obj_type: type) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._rel_method_regex.search(docstring)
-            if m:
-                tokens = m.group(2).split('.')
-                method = tokens[-1]
-                package = obj_type.__module__
-                rel_package = '.'.join(package.split('.')[2:])
-                full_name = '.'.join(
-                    [
-                        package,
-                        '.'.join(obj_type.__qualname__.split('.')[:-1]),
-                        method,
-                    ]
-                )
-
-                docstring = cls._rel_method_regex.sub(
-                    f'{m.group(1)}`{package}.{method} '
-                    f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/plugins/{rel_package}.html#{full_name}>`_',
-                    docstring,
-                    count=1,
-                )
-
-                continue
-
-            m = cls._abs_method_regex.search(docstring)
-            if m:
-                tokens = m.group(3).split('.')
-                method = tokens[-1]
-                package = '.'.join(tokens[:-2])
-                docstring = cls._abs_method_regex.sub(
-                    f'{m.group(1)}`{package}.{method} '
-                    f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/plugins/{package}.html#{m.group(2)}>`_',
-                    docstring,
-                    count=1,
-                )
-
-                continue
-
-            break
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_plugin.py

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class PluginParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Parse plugin references in the docstrings with rendered links to their
-    respective documentation.
-    """
-
-    _plugin_regex = re.compile(
-        r'(\s*):class:`(platypush\.plugins\.(.+?))`', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, *_, **__) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._plugin_regex.search(docstring)
-            if not m:
-                break
-
-            class_name = m.group(3).split('.')[-1]
-            package = '.'.join(m.group(3).split('.')[:-1])
-            docstring = cls._plugin_regex.sub(
-                f'{m.group(1)}`{class_name} '
-                f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/plugins/{package}.html#{m.group(2)}>`_',
-                docstring,
-                count=1,
-            )
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_response.py

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class ResponseParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Parse response references in the docstrings with rendered links to their
-    respective documentation.
-    """
-
-    _response_regex = re.compile(
-        r'(\s*):class:`(platypush\.message\.response\.(.+?))`', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, *_, **__) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._response_regex.search(docstring)
-            if not m:
-                break
-
-            class_name = m.group(3).split('.')[-1]
-            package = '.'.join(m.group(3).split('.')[:-1])
-            docstring = cls._response_regex.sub(
-                f'{m.group(1)}`{class_name} '
-                f'<https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/responses/{package}.html#{m.group(2)}>`_',
-                docstring,
-                count=1,
-            )
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/inspect/_parsers/_schema.py

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-import importlib
-import inspect
-import json
-import os
-from random import randint
-import re
-import textwrap
-
-from marshmallow import fields
-
-import platypush.schemas
-
-from ._base import Parser
-
-
-class SchemaParser(Parser):
-    """
-    Support for response/message schemas in the docs. Format: ``.. schema:: rel_path.SchemaClass(arg1=value1, ...)``,
-    where ``rel_path`` is the path of the schema relative to ``platypush/schemas``.
-    """
-
-    _schemas_path = os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(platypush.schemas))
-    _schema_regex = re.compile(
-        r'^(\s*)\.\.\s+schema::\s*([a-zA-Z0-9._]+)\s*(\((.+?)\))?', re.MULTILINE
-    )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _get_field_value(cls, field):
-        metadata = getattr(field, 'metadata', {})
-        if metadata.get('example'):
-            return metadata['example']
-        if metadata.get('description'):
-            return metadata['description']
-
-        if isinstance(field, fields.Number):
-            return randint(1, 99)
-        if isinstance(field, fields.Boolean):
-            return bool(randint(0, 1))
-        if isinstance(field, fields.URL):
-            return 'https://example.org'
-        if isinstance(field, fields.List):
-            return [cls._get_field_value(field.inner)]
-        if isinstance(field, fields.Dict):
-            return {
-                cls._get_field_value(field.key_field)
-                if field.key_field
-                else 'key': cls._get_field_value(field.value_field)
-                if field.value_field
-                else 'value'
-            }
-        if isinstance(field, fields.Nested):
-            ret = {
-                name: cls._get_field_value(f)
-                for name, f in field.nested().fields.items()
-            }
-
-            return [ret] if field.many else ret
-
-        return str(field.__class__.__name__).lower()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, docstring: str, *_, **__) -> str:
-        while True:
-            m = cls._schema_regex.search(docstring)
-            if not m:
-                break
-
-            schema_module_name = '.'.join(
-                ['platypush.schemas', *(m.group(2).split('.')[:-1])]
-            )
-            schema_module = importlib.import_module(schema_module_name)
-            schema_class = getattr(schema_module, m.group(2).split('.')[-1])
-            schema_args = eval(f'dict({m.group(4)})') if m.group(4) else {}
-            schema = schema_class(**schema_args)
-            parsed_schema = {
-                name: cls._get_field_value(field)
-                for name, field in schema.fields.items()
-                if not field.load_only
-            }
-
-            if schema.many:
-                parsed_schema = [parsed_schema]
-
-            padding = m.group(1)
-            docstring = cls._schema_regex.sub(
-                textwrap.indent('\n\n.. code-block:: json\n\n', padding)
-                + textwrap.indent(
-                    json.dumps(parsed_schema, sort_keys=True, indent=2),
-                    padding + '  ',
-                ).replace('\n\n', '\n')
-                + '\n\n',
-                docstring,
-            )
-
-        return docstring

platypush/plugins/matrix/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pathlib
 import re
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Collection, Coroutine, Sequence
+from typing import Collection, Coroutine, Optional, Sequence
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from nio import (
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Credentials:
     server_url: str
     user_id: str
     access_token: str
-    device_id: str | None
+    device_id: Optional[str] = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> dict:
         return {
@@ -98,22 +98,22 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     def __init__(
         self,
         server_url: str = 'https://matrix-client.matrix.org',
-        user_id: str | None = None,
+        user_id: Optional[str] = None,
-        password: str | None = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
-        access_token: str | None = None,
+        access_token: Optional[str] = None,
-        device_name: str | None = 'platypush',
+        device_name: Optional[str] = 'platypush',
-        device_id: str | None = None,
+        device_id: Optional[str] = None,
-        download_path: str | None = None,
+        download_path: Optional[str] = None,
         autojoin_on_invite: bool = True,
         autotrust_devices: bool = False,
-        autotrust_devices_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_devices_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
-        autotrust_users_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_users_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
-        autotrust_rooms_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_rooms_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
         Authentication requires user_id/password on the first login.
-        Afterwards, session credentials are stored under
+        Afterward, session credentials are stored under
         ``<$PLATYPUSH_WORKDIR>/matrix/credentials.json`` (default:
         ``~/.local/share/platypush/matrix/credentials.json``), and you can
         remove the cleartext credentials from your configuration file.
@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
         self,
         room_id: str,
         message_type: str = 'text',
-        body: str | None = None,
+        body: Optional[str] = None,
-        attachment: str | None = None,
+        attachment: Optional[str] = None,
-        tx_id: str | None = None,
+        tx_id: Optional[str] = None,
         ignore_unverified_devices: bool = False,
     ):
         """
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     def get_messages(
         self,
         room_id: str,
-        start: str | None = None,
+        start: Optional[str] = None,
-        end: str | None = None,
+        end: Optional[str] = None,
         backwards: bool = True,
         limit: int = 10,
     ):
@@ -442,10 +442,11 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
         return MatrixDeviceSchema().dump(self._get_device(device_id))
 
     @action
-    def update_device(self, device_id: str, display_name: str | None = None):
+    def update_device(self, device_id: str, display_name: Optional[str] = None):
         """
         Update information about a user's device.
 
+        :param device_id: Device ID.
         :param display_name: New display name.
         :return: .. schema:: matrix.MatrixDeviceSchema
         """
@@ -460,8 +461,8 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     def delete_devices(
         self,
         devices: Sequence[str],
-        username: str | None = None,
+        username: Optional[str] = None,
-        password: str | None = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         """
         Delete a list of devices from the user's authorized list and invalidate
@@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
         self.client.unverify_device(device)
 
     @action
-    def mxc_to_http(self, url: str, homeserver: str | None = None) -> str:
+    def mxc_to_http(self, url: str, homeserver: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """
         Convert a Matrix URL (in the format ``mxc://server/media_id``) to an
         HTTP URL.
@@ -587,8 +588,8 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     def download(
         self,
         url: str,
-        download_path: str | None = None,
+        download_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        filename: str | None = None,
+        filename: Optional[str] = None,
         allow_remote=True,
     ):
         """
@@ -641,8 +642,8 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     def upload(
         self,
         file: str,
-        name: str | None = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        content_type: str | None = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
         encrypt: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         """
@@ -665,9 +666,9 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
     @action
     def create_room(
         self,
-        name: str | None = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias: Optional[str] = None,
-        topic: str | None = None,
+        topic: Optional[str] = None,
         is_public: bool = False,
         is_direct: bool = False,
         federate: bool = True,
@@ -729,7 +730,7 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
         self._loop_execute(self.client.room_invite(room_id, user_id))
 
     @action
-    def kick(self, room_id: str, user_id: str, reason: str | None = None):
+    def kick(self, room_id: str, user_id: str, reason: Optional[str] = None):
         """
         Kick a user out of a room.
 
@@ -740,7 +741,7 @@ class MatrixPlugin(AsyncRunnablePlugin):
         self._loop_execute(self.client.room_kick(room_id, user_id, reason))
 
     @action
-    def ban(self, room_id: str, user_id: str, reason: str | None = None):
+    def ban(self, room_id: str, user_id: str, reason: Optional[str] = None):
         """
         Ban a user from a room.
 

platypush/plugins/matrix/client.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Credentials:
     server_url: str
     user_id: str
     access_token: str
-    device_id: str | None
+    device_id: Optional[str] = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> dict:
         return {
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
         self,
         *args,
         credentials_file: str,
-        store_path: str | None = None,
+        store_path: Optional[str] = None,
         config: Optional[AsyncClientConfig] = None,
         autojoin_on_invite=True,
         autotrust_devices=False,
-        autotrust_devices_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_devices_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
-        autotrust_rooms_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_rooms_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
-        autotrust_users_whitelist: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        autotrust_users_whitelist: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         credentials_file = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(credentials_file))
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
             store_path, 'attachment_keys.json'
         )
         self._encrypted_attachments_keystore = {}
-        self._sync_store_timer: threading.Timer | None = None
+        self._sync_store_timer: Optional[threading.Timer] = None
         keystore = {}
 
         try:
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
 
     async def login(
         self,
-        password: str | None = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
-        device_name: str | None = None,
+        device_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        token: str | None = None,
+        token: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> LoginResponse:
         self._load_from_file()
         login_res = None
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
 
     @logged_in
     async def room_messages(
-        self, room_id: str, start: str | None = None, *args, **kwargs
+        self, room_id: str, start: Optional[str] = None, *args, **kwargs
     ) -> RoomMessagesResponse:
         if not start:
             start = self._last_batches_by_room.get(room_id, {}).get('prev_batch')
@@ -351,9 +351,9 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
             )
 
     def get_devices_by_user(
-        self, user_id: str | None = None
+        self, user_id: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, OlmDevice]] | Dict[str, OlmDevice]:
-        devices = {user: devices for user, devices in self.device_store.items()}
+        devices = dict(self.device_store.items())
 
         if user_id:
             devices = devices.get(user_id, {})
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
         return self.get_devices().get(device_id)
 
     def get_devices_by_room(
-        self, room_id: str | None = None
+        self, room_id: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, OlmDevice]] | Dict[str, OlmDevice]:
         devices = {
             room_id: {
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
 
     @alru_cache(maxsize=500)
     @client_session
-    async def get_profile(self, user_id: str | None = None) -> ProfileGetResponse:
+    async def get_profile(self, user_id: Optional[str] = None) -> ProfileGetResponse:
         """
         Cached version of get_profile.
         """
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class MatrixClient(AsyncClient):
         self,
         server_name: str,
         media_id: str,
-        filename: str | None = None,
+        filename: Optional[str] = None,
         allow_remote: bool = True,
     ):
         response = await super().download(

platypush/plugins/media/mplayer/__init__.py

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class MediaMplayerPlugin(MediaPlugin):
         """
         Execute a raw MPlayer command. See
         https://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/tech/slave.txt for a reference or call
-        :meth:`platypush.plugins.media.mplayer.list_actions` to get a list
+        :meth:`.list_actions` to get a list
         """
 
         args = args or []

platypush/plugins/rss/__init__.py

@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ class RssPlugin(RunnablePlugin):
                     responses[url] = response['content']
 
             responses = {
-                k: v for k, v in responses.items() if not isinstance(v, Exception)
+                k: v for k, v in responses.items() if v and not isinstance(v, Exception)
             }
 
             for url, response in responses.items():

platypush/plugins/sound/__init__.py

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ class SoundPlugin(RunnablePlugin):
     ):
         """
         :param input_device: Index or name of the default input device. Use
-            :meth:`platypush.plugins.sound.query_devices` to get the
+            :meth:`.query_devices` to get the available devices. Default: system
-            available devices. Default: system default
+            default
         :param output_device: Index or name of the default output device.
-            Use :meth:`platypush.plugins.sound.query_devices` to get the
+            Use :meth:`.query_devices` to get the available devices. Default:
-            available devices. Default: system default
+            system default
         :param input_blocksize: Blocksize to be applied to the input device.
             Try to increase this value if you get input overflow errors while
             recording. Default: 1024
@@ -160,8 +160,7 @@ class SoundPlugin(RunnablePlugin):
             in the audio file in file mode, 1 if in synth mode
         :param volume: Playback volume, between 0 and 100. Default: 100.
         :param stream_index: If specified, play to an already active stream
-            index (you can get them through
+            index (you can get them through :meth:`.query_streams`). Default:
-            :meth:`platypush.plugins.sound.query_streams`). Default:
             creates a new audio stream through PortAudio.
         :param stream_name: Name of the stream to play to. If set, the sound
             will be played to the specified stream name, or a stream with that

platypush/utils/__init__.py

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import socket
 import ssl
 import time
 import urllib.request
+from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
+from importlib.util import spec_from_loader, module_from_spec
 from multiprocessing import Lock as PLock
 from tempfile import gettempdir
 from threading import Lock as TLock
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ def get_backend_module_by_name(backend_name):
         return None
 
 
-def get_plugin_class_by_name(plugin_name):
+def get_plugin_class_by_name(plugin_name) -> Optional[type]:
     """Gets the class of a plugin by name (e.g. "music.mpd" or "media.vlc")"""
 
     module = get_plugin_module_by_name(plugin_name)
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ def get_plugin_name_by_class(plugin) -> Optional[str]:
     return '.'.join(class_tokens)
 
 
-def get_backend_class_by_name(backend_name: str):
+def get_backend_class_by_name(backend_name: str) -> Optional[type]:
     """Gets the class of a backend by name (e.g. "backend.http" or "backend.mqtt")"""
 
     module = get_backend_module_by_name(backend_name)
@@ -685,4 +687,22 @@ def get_message_response(msg):
     return response
 
 
+def import_file(path: str, name: Optional[str] = None):
+    """
+    Import a Python file as a module, even if no __init__.py is
+    defined in the directory.
+
+    :param path: Path of the file to import.
+    :param name: Custom name for the imported module (default: same as the file's basename).
+    :return: The imported module.
+    """
+    name = name or re.split(r"\.py$", os.path.basename(path))[0]
+    loader = SourceFileLoader(name, os.path.expanduser(path))
+    mod_spec = spec_from_loader(name, loader)
+    assert mod_spec, f"Cannot create module specification for {path}"
+    mod = module_from_spec(mod_spec)
+    loader.exec_module(mod)
+    return mod
+
+
 # vim:sw=4:ts=4:et:

platypush/utils/manifest.py

@@ -273,6 +273,14 @@ class Dependencies:
     by_pkg_manager: Dict[PackageManagers, Set[str]] = field(default_factory=dict)
     """ All system dependencies, grouped by package manager. """
 
+    def to_dict(self):
+        return {
+            'before': self.before,
+            'packages': list(self.packages),
+            'pip': self.pip,
+            'after': self.after,
+        }
+
     @property
     def _is_venv(self) -> bool:
         """
@@ -517,6 +525,17 @@ class Manifest(ABC):
         :return: The type of the manifest.
         """
 
+    @property
+    def file(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: The path to the manifest file.
+        """
+        return os.path.join(
+            get_src_root(),
+            *self.package.split('.')[1:],
+            'manifest.yaml',
+        )
+
     def _init_deps(self, install: Mapping[str, Iterable[str]]) -> Dependencies:
         deps = Dependencies()
         for key, items in install.items():

platypush/utils/mock/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ from importlib.machinery import ModuleSpec
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import Any, Iterator, Sequence, Generator, Optional, List
 
+from .modules import mock_imports
+
 
 class MockObject:
     """
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ class MockModule(ModuleType):
 class MockFinder(MetaPathFinder):
     """A finder for mocking."""
 
-    def __init__(self, modules: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, modules: Sequence[str]) -> None:  # noqa
         super().__init__()
         self.modules = modules
         self.loader = MockLoader(self)
@@ -146,9 +148,9 @@ class MockFinder(MetaPathFinder):
     def find_spec(
         self,
         fullname: str,
-        path: Sequence[Optional[bytes]] | None,
+        path: Optional[Sequence[Optional[bytes]]] = None,
         target: Optional[ModuleType] = None,
-    ) -> ModuleSpec | None:
+    ) -> Optional[ModuleSpec]:
         for modname in self.modules:
             # check if fullname is (or is a descendant of) one of our targets
             if modname == fullname or fullname.startswith(modname + "."):
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ class MockLoader(Loader):
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def mock(*modules: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+def mock(*mods: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     """
     Insert mock modules during context::
 
@@ -188,10 +190,25 @@ def mock(*modules: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     """
     finder = None
     try:
-        finder = MockFinder(modules)
+        finder = MockFinder(mods)
         sys.meta_path.insert(0, finder)
         yield
     finally:
         if finder:
             sys.meta_path.remove(finder)
             finder.invalidate_caches()
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def auto_mocks():
+    """
+    Automatically mock all the modules listed in ``mock_imports``.
+    """
+    with mock(*mock_imports):
+        yield
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "auto_mocks",
+    "mock",
+]

platypush/utils/mock/modules.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+mock_imports = [
+    "Adafruit_IO",
+    "Adafruit_Python_DHT",
+    "Leap",
+    "PIL",
+    "PyOBEX",
+    "PyOBEX.client",
+    "RPLCD",
+    "RPi.GPIO",
+    "TheengsDecoder",
+    "aiofiles",
+    "aiofiles.os",
+    "aiohttp",
+    "aioxmpp",
+    "apiclient",
+    "async_lru",
+    "avs",
+    "bcrypt",
+    "bleak",
+    "bluetooth",
+    "bluetooth_numbers",
+    "cpuinfo",
+    "croniter",
+    "cups",
+    "cv2",
+    "cwiid",
+    "dbus",
+    "deepspeech",
+    "defusedxml",
+    "docutils",
+    "envirophat",
+    "feedparser",
+    "gevent.wsgi",
+    "gi",
+    "gi.repository",
+    "google",
+    "google.assistant.embedded",
+    "google.assistant.library",
+    "google.assistant.library.event",
+    "google.assistant.library.file_helpers",
+    "google.oauth2.credentials",
+    "googlesamples",
+    "googlesamples.assistant.grpc.audio_helpers",
+    "gps",
+    "graphyte",
+    "grpc",
+    "gunicorn",
+    "httplib2",
+    "icalendar",
+    "imapclient",
+    "inotify",
+    "inputs",
+    "irc",
+    "irc.bot",
+    "irc.client",
+    "irc.connection",
+    "irc.events",
+    "irc.strings",
+    "kafka",
+    "keras",
+    "linode_api4",
+    "luma",
+    "mpd",
+    "ndef",
+    "nfc",
+    "nio",
+    "numpy",
+    "oauth2client",
+    "oauth2client",
+    "omxplayer",
+    "openzwave",
+    "pandas",
+    "paramiko",
+    "picamera",
+    "plexapi",
+    "pmw3901",
+    "psutil",
+    "pvcheetah",
+    "pvporcupine ",
+    "pyHS100",
+    "pyaudio",
+    "pyclip",
+    "pydbus",
+    "pyfirmata2",
+    "pyngrok",
+    "pyotp",
+    "pysmartthings",
+    "pyzbar",
+    "rtmidi",
+    "samsungtvws",
+    "serial",
+    "simple_websocket",
+    "smartcard",
+    "sounddevice",
+    "soundfile",
+    "telegram",
+    "telegram.ext",
+    "tenacity",
+    "tensorflow",
+    "todoist",
+    "trello",
+    "twilio",
+    "uvicorn",
+    "watchdog",
+    "wave",
+    "websockets",
+    "zeroconf",
+]
+"""
+List of modules that should be mocked when building the documentation or running tests.
+"""